﻿BUTTERCUP 
  FAMILY 
  89 
  

  

  or 
  kidney-shaped, 
  with 
  crenate, 
  dentate, 
  or 
  nearly 
  entire 
  margins 
  ; 
  

   the 
  broad 
  oval 
  sepals 
  bright 
  yellow. 
  Swamps 
  or 
  wet 
  ground. 
  

  

  IX. 
  P^ONIA 
  L. 
  

  

  Perennial, 
  from 
  thick, 
  fleshy 
  roots 
  ; 
  stems 
  shrubby 
  or 
  her- 
  

   baceous. 
  Leaves 
  much 
  divided. 
  Flowers 
  terminal, 
  large 
  and 
  

   showy. 
  Sepals 
  5, 
  leaf-like 
  and 
  persistent. 
  Petals 
  5 
  or 
  more. 
  

   Pistils 
  3-5 
  ; 
  ovaries 
  surrounded 
  by 
  a 
  disk.* 
  

  

  1. 
  P. 
  officinalis 
  L. 
  GARDEN 
  PEONY. 
  Herbaceous; 
  flowering 
  stems 
  

   1-2 
  ft. 
  high. 
  Leaves 
  ample 
  ; 
  leaflets 
  lance-ovate, 
  cut 
  or 
  incised, 
  smooth. 
  

   Flowers 
  double, 
  white 
  or 
  red. 
  Follicles 
  2, 
  erect, 
  many-seeded. 
  Com- 
  

   mon 
  iu 
  gardens.* 
  

  

  X. 
  COPTIS 
  Salisb. 
  

  

  Low, 
  smooth 
  perennials, 
  with 
  3-divided 
  basal 
  leaves. 
  Flowers 
  

   small, 
  white, 
  on 
  scapes. 
  Sepals 
  5-7, 
  petal-like, 
  soon 
  falling. 
  

   Petals 
  5-7, 
  small, 
  club-shaped, 
  tubular 
  at 
  the 
  apex. 
  Stamens 
  

   15-25. 
  Pistils 
  3-7, 
  stalked. 
  Pods 
  thin 
  and 
  dry, 
  4-8-seeded. 
  

  

  1. 
  C. 
  trifolia 
  Salisb. 
  GOLD 
  THREAD. 
  A 
  pretty, 
  delicate 
  plant, 
  

   with 
  slender, 
  1-flowered 
  scapes, 
  from 
  long, 
  bright-yellow, 
  thread- 
  

   like 
  rootstocks, 
  which 
  are 
  bitter 
  and 
  somewhat 
  medicinal. 
  Leaves 
  

   later 
  than 
  the 
  flowers, 
  each 
  of 
  3 
  wedge-shaped 
  leaflets, 
  which 
  finally 
  

   become 
  shining 
  and 
  evergeen. 
  Damp, 
  cold 
  woods 
  and 
  bogs. 
  

  

  XI. 
  AQUILEGIA 
  L. 
  

  

  Perennials, 
  with 
  leaves 
  twice 
  or 
  thrice 
  palmately 
  compound, 
  

   the 
  divisions 
  in 
  threes. 
  

  

  Sepals 
  5, 
  petal-like, 
  all 
  similar. 
  Petals 
  5, 
  all 
  similar, 
  each 
  

   consisting 
  of 
  an 
  expanded 
  portion, 
  prolonged 
  backward 
  into 
  a 
  

   hollow 
  spur, 
  the 
  whole 
  much 
  longer 
  than 
  the 
  calyx. 
  Pistils 
  5, 
  

   forming 
  many-seeded 
  pods. 
  

  

  1. 
  A. 
  canadensis 
  L. 
  WILD 
  COLUMBINE. 
  Flowers 
  scarlet 
  without, 
  

   yellow 
  within, 
  nodding; 
  spurs 
  rather 
  long. 
  

  

  2. 
  A. 
  vulgaris 
  L. 
  GARDEN 
  COLUMBINE. 
  Flowers 
  often 
  double, 
  and 
  

   white, 
  blue, 
  or 
  purple. 
  Spurs 
  shorter 
  and 
  more 
  hooked. 
  Cultivated 
  

   from 
  Europe, 
  and 
  sometimes 
  become 
  wild. 
  

  

  XII. 
  DELPHINIUM 
  L. 
  

  

  Annual 
  or 
  perennial 
  herbs. 
  Stem 
  erect, 
  simple 
  or 
  branched. 
  

   Leaves 
  alternate, 
  petioled, 
  palmately 
  divided. 
  Flowers 
  in 
  

  

  