﻿POLYGALA 
  FAMILY 
  145 
  

  

  the 
  lateral 
  ones 
  oblique. 
  Cymes 
  compound. 
  Flowers 
  greenish. 
  Sta- 
  

   mens 
  mostly 
  4 
  ; 
  filaments 
  bearded; 
  key 
  about 
  1 
  in. 
  in 
  diameter; 
  wing 
  

   notched, 
  strongly 
  netted-veined. 
  Rocky 
  banks; 
  often 
  cultivated.* 
  

  

  53. 
  POLYGALACEJE. 
  POLYGALA 
  FAMILY 
  

  

  Herbs 
  or 
  shrubs. 
  Leaves 
  alternate 
  or 
  nearly 
  opposite, 
  with- 
  

   out 
  stipules, 
  simple. 
  Flowers 
  not 
  actinomorphic. 
  Sepals 
  un- 
  

   equal, 
  the 
  2 
  inner 
  wing-shaped 
  and 
  petal-like. 
  Petals 
  3-5, 
  

   hypogynous, 
  the 
  2 
  lateral 
  ones 
  often 
  united 
  with 
  the 
  hooded 
  

   lower 
  one 
  into 
  a 
  tube, 
  split 
  open 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  behind. 
  Stamens 
  

   8 
  ; 
  filaments 
  united 
  into 
  a 
  split 
  sheath, 
  which 
  is 
  usually 
  joined 
  

   to 
  the 
  petals 
  ; 
  anthers 
  usually 
  opening 
  by 
  pores. 
  Ovary 
  2- 
  

   celled, 
  2-ovuled. 
  [A 
  difficult 
  family 
  for 
  the 
  beginner.] 
  

  

  POLYGALA 
  L. 
  

  

  Herbs 
  or 
  shrubs. 
  Flowers 
  racemed 
  or 
  spiked, 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  

   often 
  cleistogamous. 
  Petals 
  united 
  below 
  to 
  the 
  stamen 
  

   sheath. 
  Anthers 
  opening 
  by 
  transverse 
  pores. 
  

  

  1. 
  P. 
  paucifolia 
  Willd. 
  FRINGED 
  POLYGALA, 
  BABIES' 
  TOES, 
  MAY 
  

   WINGS. 
  A 
  low 
  perennial 
  herb, 
  with 
  branches 
  3-4 
  in. 
  high, 
  from 
  a 
  

   slender, 
  creeping 
  rootstock. 
  Lower 
  leaves 
  scattered, 
  small 
  and 
  scale- 
  

   like, 
  the 
  upper 
  ones 
  with 
  petioles, 
  crowded 
  near 
  the 
  tips 
  of 
  the 
  

   branches, 
  ovate 
  or 
  nearly 
  so. 
  Flowers 
  of 
  two 
  kinds, 
  the 
  cleistoga- 
  

   mous 
  whitish, 
  fertile, 
  borne 
  underground 
  along 
  the 
  rootstock, 
  the 
  

   terminal 
  flowers 
  large 
  and 
  showy 
  (nearly 
  an 
  inch 
  long), 
  rose-purple, 
  

   with 
  a 
  beautiful 
  fringed 
  crest. 
  Woods, 
  especially 
  N. 
  and 
  E. 
  

  

  2. 
  P. 
  Senega 
  L. 
  SENECA 
  SNAKEROOT. 
  A 
  perennial 
  herb, 
  with 
  

   several 
  erect 
  stems 
  arising 
  from 
  stout, 
  hard, 
  knotty 
  rootstocks. 
  

   Leaves 
  lanceolate, 
  oblong 
  or 
  lance-ovate, 
  sessile. 
  Flowers 
  all 
  alike, 
  

   small, 
  white, 
  in 
  solitary 
  close 
  spikes. 
  Rocky 
  woods. 
  

  

  54. 
  EUPHORBIACEJE. 
  SPURGE 
  FAMILY 
  

  

  Herbs, 
  shrubs, 
  or 
  trees, 
  usually 
  with 
  a 
  milky, 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  

   acrid 
  and 
  sometimes 
  poisonous 
  juice. 
  Flowers 
  mostly 
  apetal- 
  

   ous, 
  monoecious 
  or 
  dioecious 
  (Fig. 
  23). 
  Ovary 
  usually 
  3-celled, 
  

   with 
  1 
  or 
  2 
  ovules 
  in 
  each 
  cell 
  ; 
  stigmas 
  as 
  many 
  as 
  the 
  cells 
  

  

  