﻿PYROLA 
  FAMILY 
  177 
  

  

  6. 
  C. 
  stolonifera 
  Michx. 
  RED 
  OSIER 
  DOGWOOD. 
  A 
  shrub 
  3-15 
  ft. 
  

   high, 
  with 
  smooth, 
  reddish-purple 
  bark 
  on 
  all 
  the 
  younger 
  twigs; 
  

   spreading 
  by 
  suckers 
  from 
  the 
  base 
  and 
  therefore 
  the 
  stems 
  usually 
  

   clustered. 
  Leaves 
  on 
  rather 
  slender 
  petioles, 
  acute 
  or 
  taper-pointed, 
  

   rounded 
  or 
  tapered 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  ; 
  covered, 
  at 
  least 
  beneath, 
  by 
  very 
  fine, 
  

   closely 
  appressed 
  hairs. 
  Fruit 
  white 
  or 
  nearly 
  so, 
  globose, 
  | 
  in. 
  or 
  

   more 
  in 
  diameter. 
  Common 
  in 
  wet 
  ground, 
  especially 
  N. 
  

  

  7. 
  C. 
  alternifolia 
  L. 
  f. 
  ALTERNATE-LEAVED 
  DOGWOOD. 
  A 
  shrub 
  or 
  

   small 
  tree; 
  twigs 
  greenish, 
  striped. 
  Leaves 
  alternate, 
  often 
  clustered 
  

   at 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  the 
  twigs, 
  long-petioled, 
  oval, 
  acute 
  at 
  the 
  apex 
  and 
  

   often 
  at 
  the 
  base, 
  minutely 
  toothed, 
  pale 
  and 
  covered 
  with 
  fine, 
  ap- 
  

   pressed 
  hairs 
  beneath. 
  Cymes 
  loose 
  and 
  open; 
  flowers 
  white. 
  Fruit 
  

   deep 
  blue. 
  Banks 
  of 
  streams.* 
  

  

  II. 
  NYSSA 
  L. 
  

  

  Trees 
  or 
  shrubs. 
  Leaves 
  alternate, 
  petioled, 
  entire 
  or 
  few- 
  

   toothed. 
  Flowers 
  somewhat 
  monoecious 
  or 
  dioecious, 
  the 
  

   staminate 
  in 
  many-flowered 
  heads 
  or 
  cymes, 
  the 
  pistillate 
  in 
  

   small 
  clusters 
  or 
  solitary. 
  Calyx 
  tube 
  5-toothed 
  or 
  truncate. 
  

   Petals 
  minute 
  or 
  wanting. 
  Stamens 
  5-10. 
  Ovary 
  1-celled, 
  

   1-ovuled 
  ; 
  style 
  long 
  and 
  recurved. 
  Fruit 
  a 
  1-seeded 
  drupe. 
  

  

  1. 
  N. 
  sylvatica 
  Marsh. 
  BLACK 
  GUM. 
  A 
  tree 
  with 
  widely 
  spread- 
  

   ing 
  branches 
  and 
  dark, 
  rough 
  bark 
  ; 
  wood 
  light-colored, 
  very 
  tough 
  ; 
  

   base 
  of 
  trunk 
  often 
  enlarged. 
  Leaves 
  often 
  clustered 
  at 
  the 
  ends 
  of 
  

   the 
  twigs, 
  oval 
  or 
  obovate, 
  taper-pointed 
  or 
  obtuse 
  at 
  the 
  apex, 
  entire, 
  

   smooth 
  and 
  shining 
  above, 
  downy 
  beneath, 
  becoming 
  bright 
  red 
  in 
  

   autumn. 
  Staminate 
  flowers 
  in 
  heads; 
  pistillate 
  flowers 
  3-10, 
  in 
  a 
  

   long-peduncled 
  cluster. 
  Fruit 
  ovoid, 
  dark 
  blue 
  or 
  nearly 
  black, 
  | 
  in. 
  

   long; 
  stone 
  slightly 
  ridged. 
  In 
  rich, 
  wet 
  soil 
  S. 
  and 
  E.* 
  

  

  2. 
  N. 
  aquatica 
  L. 
  TUPELO. 
  A 
  large 
  tree, 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  preceding. 
  

   Leaves 
  long-petioled, 
  oval 
  or 
  ovate, 
  acute 
  at 
  each 
  end, 
  entire 
  or 
  

   coarsely 
  toothed, 
  the 
  lower 
  sometimes 
  heart-shaped, 
  smooth 
  above, 
  

   downy 
  beneath, 
  4-8 
  in. 
  long. 
  Staminate 
  flowers 
  in 
  heads 
  ; 
  pistillate 
  

   flowers 
  on 
  long 
  peduncles, 
  solitary. 
  Fruit 
  ovoid, 
  dark 
  blue; 
  stone 
  

   sharply 
  ridged. 
  In 
  swamps 
  S. 
  and 
  E.* 
  

  

  75. 
  PYROLACEJE. 
  PYROLA 
  FAMILY 
  

  

  Perennial 
  herbs, 
  evergreen 
  or 
  else 
  pale 
  and 
  without 
  chlo- 
  

   rophyll. 
  Petals 
  usually 
  free 
  from 
  each 
  other 
  and 
  falling 
  off 
  

   separately 
  after 
  flowering. 
  Stamens 
  hypogynous, 
  the 
  anthers 
  

  

  