﻿MADDER 
  FAMILY 
  227 
  

  

  4. 
  P. 
  Purshii 
  R. 
  & 
  S. 
  Annual. 
  White- 
  woolly 
  or 
  silky. 
  Scapes 
  

   slender; 
  leaves 
  linear, 
  usually 
  3-nerved 
  ; 
  spikes 
  dense, 
  cylindrical, 
  and 
  

   very 
  woolly 
  ; 
  bracts 
  stiff, 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  flowers 
  or 
  slightly 
  longer. 
  

   Capsule 
  2-4-seeded, 
  somewhat 
  longer 
  than 
  the 
  calyx. 
  On 
  dry 
  prairies 
  

   and 
  plains 
  W. 
  and 
  S.W. 
  

  

  5. 
  P. 
  aristata 
  Michx. 
  LARGE-BRACTED 
  PLANTAIN. 
  Annual. 
  

   Leaves 
  broadly 
  linear, 
  entire 
  or 
  sparingly 
  and 
  finely 
  toothed, 
  nar- 
  

   rowed 
  below 
  into 
  a 
  margined 
  petiole, 
  smooth 
  or 
  silky-downy. 
  Scape 
  

   longer 
  than 
  the 
  leaves, 
  6-10 
  in. 
  high 
  ; 
  spike 
  dense. 
  Bracts 
  linear, 
  

   i-1 
  in. 
  long. 
  Stamens 
  4. 
  Capsule 
  2-seeded, 
  longer 
  than 
  the 
  calyx. 
  

   Common 
  on 
  dry 
  soil.* 
  

  

  6. 
  P. 
  heterophylla 
  Nutt. 
  MANY-SEEDED 
  PLANTAIN. 
  Annual. 
  

   Leaves 
  linear, 
  fleshy, 
  entire 
  or 
  with 
  a 
  few 
  spreading 
  teeth, 
  smooth 
  

   or 
  slightly 
  downy. 
  Scapes 
  slender, 
  3-6 
  in. 
  high; 
  spike 
  very 
  slender, 
  

   many-flowered, 
  the 
  lower 
  flowers 
  often 
  scattered. 
  Bracts 
  ovate, 
  longer 
  

   than 
  the 
  sepals. 
  Stamens 
  2. 
  Capsule 
  twice 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  calyx, 
  

   many-seeded. 
  Common 
  in 
  cultivated 
  ground, 
  especially 
  S.* 
  

  

  95. 
  RUBIACEJE. 
  MADDER 
  FAMILY 
  

  

  Herbs, 
  shrubs, 
  or 
  trees. 
  Leaves 
  opposite 
  and 
  entire, 
  .with 
  

   stipules 
  between 
  them, 
  or 
  appearing 
  whorled 
  since 
  the 
  stipules 
  

   resemble 
  the 
  leaves. 
  Flowers 
  epigynous, 
  always 
  bisexual, 
  fre- 
  

   quently 
  dimorphous 
  (as 
  in 
  Houstonia, 
  Mitchella, 
  and 
  Bou- 
  

   vardia). 
  Limb 
  of 
  the 
  calyx 
  3-6-toothed. 
  Corolla 
  regular, 
  

   inserted 
  on 
  the 
  calyx-tube, 
  as 
  many-lobed 
  as 
  the 
  calyx. 
  Sta- 
  

   mens 
  equal 
  in 
  number 
  to 
  the 
  divisions 
  of 
  the 
  corolla. 
  Ovary 
  2 
  

   or 
  more 
  celled. 
  A 
  very 
  large 
  and 
  important 
  family, 
  of 
  which 
  

   many 
  of 
  the 
  noteworthy 
  species, 
  for 
  instance 
  the 
  coffee 
  shrub 
  

   and 
  the 
  cinchona 
  tree, 
  are 
  natives 
  of 
  warm 
  or 
  tropical 
  climates. 
  

  

  I. 
  GALIUM 
  L. 
  

  

  Annual 
  or 
  perennial 
  herbs 
  ; 
  stems 
  slender, 
  4-angled. 
  Leaves 
  

   appearing 
  whorled. 
  Flowers 
  small, 
  in 
  axillary 
  or 
  terminal 
  

   cymes 
  or 
  panicles, 
  bisexual 
  or 
  rarely 
  dioecious. 
  Calyx 
  tube 
  

   short, 
  the 
  teeth 
  minute 
  or 
  wanting. 
  Corolla 
  wheel-shaped, 
  3- 
  

   4-lobed. 
  Stamens 
  3-4, 
  short. 
  Ovary 
  2-celled 
  ; 
  styles 
  2, 
  short, 
  

   united 
  below. 
  Fruit 
  2 
  united, 
  sometimes 
  fleshy, 
  1-seeded 
  car- 
  

   pels, 
  which 
  do 
  not 
  split 
  open.* 
  

  

  