Ch. XI.J THE CALYX. 65 



259. The leaves or parts of the calyx are called sepals : some- 

 finit.-s the calyx consists of one leaf or sepal, it is then called 

 moiiosepalous ; when it consists of several distinct leaves, it is 

 called polysepalous ; when one calyx is surrounded by another, 

 if is double; when one calyx surrounds many plants, it is. 

 common. 



260. The calyx is said to be superior when it is situated on 

 rhe summit of the germ, as in the apple; it is inferior when 

 situated below the germ, as in the pink. In many plants the 

 :alyx is neither superior nor inferior, but is situated around 

 the germ. 



261. When the calyx drops off before the flower fully ex- 

 pands, it is called caducous ; the petals of the poppy are, at 

 first, enclosed in a calyx of two large green sepals, but these 

 fall off before the flower is full blown. When the calyx with- 

 ers and drops off with the corolla, it is called deciduous. In 

 many plants it remains until the fruit is matured ; it is then 

 called persistent. In a pea pod, for example, the calyx may be 

 seen as perfect as it was in the blossom. In an apple or pear, 

 the dried leaves of the calyx may be seen on the tops of the 

 fruit ; this shows that the calyx was superior. 



262. According to the divisions of. Linna3us, there are seven 

 kinds of calyxes ; viz. : 



Perianth, Glume, 



Involucrum, Calyptra, 



Ament, Volva. 

 Spatha, 



263. Perianth. This term is derived from the two Greek 

 words peri, around, and anthos, flower. This is the only real 

 calyx or cup, as the term cup does not properly apply to the 

 other kinds of calyxes. A good example of the perianth calyx 

 is presented in the Rose, where it is urn-form, with divisions 

 at the top resembling small leaves. In the Pink, the perianth 

 is long and tubular, having the border dentate or toothed. The 

 Hollyhock, Hibiscus, and many other plants, have a double pe- 

 ri a nth. 



259. What is a monosepalous calyx? polysepalous'? doublet- 

 common 1 



260. What terms express the various positions cf the calyx witi* 

 r espect to the germ "\ 



261. What terms express the different degrees cf duration of the 

 calyx 1 



262. What are the different kinds of calyxes 7 



263. Describe the perianth. 



6* 



