Oil. XIX.] CLASSIFICATION. 1J3 



the inside of the corolla. If you pull out the corolla you will 

 take the stamens along with it, the filaments being attached tG 

 it, as they usually are to monopetalous corollas. The corolla 

 has a small aperture at the base, through which the pistil grew 

 from the receptacle. 



479. You have already been informed that the Labiate flow- 

 ers belong chiefly to the class Didynamia. The ringent divi- 

 sion of plants belongs to the order tJymnospermia, having four 

 seeds, lying naked in the calyx. The personate division belongs 

 to the order Angiospermia, having the seeds inclosed in a cap- 

 sule until they are ripe, when the capsule opens spontaneously 

 and disperses them. 



480. The ringent flowers generally grow in whorls or circles, 

 and at the upper part of an angular stem, the leaves standing 

 opposite. These plants are never poisonous. Among them we 

 find many aromatic plants, the Peppermint, Lavender, Savory, 

 Majorum, Thyme, &c. ; also many herbs which are useful in 

 sickness, as Pennyroyal, .Catmint, Horehound, &c. 



481. The personate division affords some very splendid flow- 

 ers, as the beautiful Gerardia, ,r American Foxglove, and the 

 magnificent Bignonia, (Trumpet flower.) The plants of this 

 order seem to be somewhat allied to those of the class Pentan- 

 dria, in many of these, as in the Snapdragon, (Antirrhinum,) 

 the Pentstemon, &c., there exists the rudiments of a fifth sta- 

 men, in accordance with the five divisions of the calyx and co- 

 rolla. Some plants of this division of the Labiate family are 

 poisonous, as the Foxglove and the Snapdragon. 



UMBELLATE PLANTS. 



482. The plants of this natural family are found in the arti- 

 ficial class Pentandria; they derive their name from the Latin 

 word umbella, an umbrella, on account of the manner in which 

 the peduncles of the flower stalks spread out from the main 

 stem. See Fig. 56, b. 



483. The umbellate plants are mostly herbaceous, those 

 which grow on dry ground are aromatic, as Dill, Fennel, and 

 Caraway : those which grow in wet places, or the-aquatic spe- 

 cies, are among the most deadly poisons, as Water-Hemlock, 

 &c. Plants of this family are not in general so beautiful to the 



479. What are the orders in this class 1 



480. What is said of the ringent flowers'? 



481. What is said of the personate division? 



483. In which class are lh^ umbellate flowers found and from 

 whence then do they take iheir name '' 

 483. Describe these plants. 

 10* 



