BEVERAGES IN WAR-TIME 69 



TABLE II. FOOD VALUES IN UNITS (CALORIES). 



Original Materials Food for Man Food for Animals 



(millions of calories). (millions of calories). (millions of calories). 



<' 

 



2,651,000 + i, 330,000 (A). 



2,200,000 -{- 1,084,000 (B). 



Difference (loss by"! / \ r>\ 



brewing) ...) 45 LOGO + 246,000 (A-B). 



Loss per cent 17 18 



The ingredients that could have been used as human 

 food contained 2,651,000 millions of units, while the 

 beer had 2,200,000 millions, or about 17 per cent less; 

 that is, the route followed involved a loss of about 

 one-sixth of the food value. For a rich and extrava- 

 gant nation this is not very much, but in war-time 

 it may deserve consideration. The food material lost 

 here would have fed London, with its 7 millions of 

 population, for more than three weeks. Along with 

 this loss of human food there went an equal loss of 

 fodder for animals. Here, again, about one-sixth of 

 the value of the fodder which was originally available 

 for animals disappeared in the processes of brewing. 

 This loss of fodder, of course, entails a corresponding 

 loss of fat or milk, and this indirectly again reduces 

 the food-supply for man. 



Another method of calculation gives even more 

 striking results. I have spoken of food merely as 

 the fuel for the engine, but food must also supply the 

 wear and tear of the machine, and the value for this 

 purpose of any food for the human body may be esti- 

 mated by its content of the complex bodies known as 

 proteins. In Table III I have therefore put down 

 the amount of protein of the original materials and of 

 the various products given in Table I, following the 

 two alternative routes, the one (A) if the materials are 



