SPRAYING PROBLEMS 149 



tures are suitable for apples and pears against scab 

 and apple-fruit spot. In Burgundy mixture we have 

 a remedy capable of almost universal application 

 against fungal pests. 



Let us turn for a moment to the implements or 

 artillery used in the war against fungus pests. Just 

 as the aeroplane, from the simple machine used by 

 the immortal Bleriot, has assumed astonishing de- 

 velopment and specialization, so from such humble 

 beginnings as the heather brooms used by the pea- 

 sants in Ireland, and from various simple syringes, 

 machines of a most complicated character have been 

 evolved and adapted to suit the special needs of the 

 agricultural and horticultural sections of the com- 

 munity. 



In the early days of hop-washing, machines of the 

 hand and knapsack type were the only ones used in 

 hops, but as the blights became more severe, and 

 there was danger of losing the greater part of a crop 

 unless washing were carried out quickly and expedi- 

 tiously, the horse-drawn automatic spraying machine 

 was evolved. 



This machine consisted of a tank on wheels with 

 the pumps driven from the axle, and the wash was 

 delivered under pressure to the nozzles situated round 

 the machine and directed so as to wet completely 

 everything around it as it was drawn along the hop 

 alleys. 



Hop-washing machines were strongly constructed, 

 and were fitted with pumps capable of delivering the 

 spray at a fairly high pressure. 



The experience gained in hop-washing proved of 

 considerable advantage when fruit-tree spraying came 

 into practice, as the machines were at once able to 

 spray successfully the fruit trees, getting through to 

 tiie under sides of the leaves in all parts of the trees. 



