CLIMATIC VARIETIES 167 



dently paid more attention to the subject than most lepidopterists 

 have done, and many more recent records. In particular 

 Oberthiir 4 has published many details as to the distribution in 

 western France and I am especially indebted to Mr. H. Rowland- 

 Brown for a long series of notes as to the distribution in France 

 generally, and to Mr. H. E. Page and Dr. T. A. Chapman, Mr. 

 Oberthiir Prof. Arrigoni degli Oddi, Mr. H. Williams and other 

 correspondents, for showing me forms from many localities. The 

 butterfly is attached for the most part to woods of deciduous trees 

 and to country abounding in tall hedges or rough scrub. It is not 

 usually to be found in highly cultivated districts or in very dry 

 regions. Hence there is necessarily some want of continuity in 

 the distribution at the present time and I should think a mile or 

 two of arable land without big hedges would constitute a barrier 

 hardly ever passed. The larva feeds on several coarse grasses, 

 especially Dactylis glomerata. Barrett mentions also Triticum 

 repens. In this country the winter is usually passed in the larval 

 stage, but I have found that in captivity, at least, there is much 

 irregularity. The larvae feed whenever the weather is not very 

 cold and may pupate, but if sharp cold comes on when they are pu- 

 pating or nearly full-grown they often get killed unless protected. 



Some writers speak of a difference between the early and 

 later broods, but I have never noticed this, and I do not think 

 that the general tone of the yellow is affected by the seasons 

 (see Tutt, Ent. Rec., IX, 1897, p. 37). 5 



Beginning at the south of Spain the thoroughly fulvous type 

 egeria is common at Gibraltar in the Cork woods, at Granada, 

 and doubtless generally. Lederer is said to have found only 

 this type in Spain (Speyer), and though I have no precise in- 

 formation as to other places in the Peninsula north of Jaen I feel 

 tolerably sure that there is no change from south to north. 6 



4 Lepid. Comparee, fsc. Ill, p. 372. 



5 Mr. Rowland-Brown has called my attention to a statement by Dr. Vaillantin 

 (Petites Nouv. Enl., II, 235) that in Indre-et-Cher the first brood is of the northern 

 type and the second of the southern. My experience is that in captivity these 

 distinctions do not occur, and I have true egeria as first brood from Vienne and as 

 the late brood from the Landes. I never collected in Indre-et-Cher. 



6 I have since seen true egeria from Ferrol in the extreme northwest, which was 

 in Mr. Tutt s collection. 



