Hdcnium. COMPOSITE. 349 



H -) Palea? of the pappus acuminate, mucronately cuspidate, or awned, the costa commonly 

 manifest: heads with globose disk and semi- or sub-globose receptacle: herbage puberulent. 



H. MEXICX.NUM, HBK. (//. rarium, Schracler), by some said to be perennial, has palere of 

 the pappus from apiculate to aristellate-acuminate. To it may belong Coulter's no. 357 (speci- 

 men too incomplete), ticketed "California," but probably belonging to his Mexican collection. 

 H. puberulum, DC. Mostly tall, freely branching, and witL long monocephalous pe- 

 duncles : leaves lanceolate or the lower broader, all entire : heads about half-inch in diameter : 

 rays one, two, or sometimes three lines long, equalling or exceeding the small involucre, 

 rarely obsolete : paleoe of the pappus ovate, short-awned, not half the length of the corolla. 

 Proclr. v. 667 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 385 ; Gray, Bot. Calif, i. 393. H. pubescens, Hook. & Arn. 

 Bot. Beech. 355, not Ait. //. Califarnicum, Link. Ind. Sem. Berol. 1840? H. decurrens, 

 Vatke, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1875. H. ]\J erica mi in, Gray, Pacif. E. Rep. iv. 107, probably. 

 Cephalophora decurrens, Less, in Linn. vi. 517; DC. Prodr. v. 663. Moist or wet ground, 

 California, common. 



H. laciniatum, GRAY. A foot or two high, more cinereous: leaves lanceolate or linear, 

 piunatifid-dentate or laciniate, or the upper entire : heads 4 or 5 lines in diameter : rays as 

 in the preceding : involucre commonly more conspicuous : palese of the pappus more than 

 half the length of the corolla. Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 203, & Bot. Calif. 1. c. S. E. Cali- 

 fornia and adjacent Arizona, Coulter, c. (Adj. Mex.) 



* * * Root perennial : rays sterile, either neutral or with abortive style and akene : ligules equal- 

 ling or exceeding the globular disk : receptacle ovate : leaves mostly narrowly decurrent on the 

 stem and branches: palere of the pappus aristate-acurniuate, hardly half the length of the disk- 

 corolla : heads on short slender peduncles. 



H, nud.iil6ru.in, NUTT. Somewhat puberulent, 1 to 3 feet high, with leafy branches and 

 corymbosely disposed heads : leaves from narrowly lanceolate to oblong, entire, or the radi- 

 cal obovate or spatulate and dentate : rays half to three-fourths inch long, either pure yellow 

 or partly (sometimes wholly) brown-purple, once or twice the length of the brownish or 

 purplish disk: receptacle ovate, in age acutish, but sometimes rounder and very obtuse. 

 Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 203, excl. syn. H. parviflarum. H. midiflorum & //. micranthum, 

 Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. 384. //. quadridentatum, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 98. 

 H. atropurpureum, Kuuth, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1845, 21, purple-rayed state. H. Seminariense, 

 Featherman in Louisiana Univ. Rep. 1871. Leptupodu brachypoda, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 388 ; 

 Curtiss, distrib., a very slender and small-rayed form. Low ground, N. Carolina and Illi- 

 nois to Arkansas and Texas ; and naturalized eastward. Hybridizes with //. autumnale. 



H. parviflorum, NUTT. 1. c. Glabrate or glabrous, much branched and with scattered 

 small heads : leaves broadly lanceolate, with contracted base, sparingly denticulate, very 

 narrowly decurreut on the branches : disk and rays yellow, the former 3 or 4 lines in di- 

 ameter ; the latter 3 to 5 lines long, styliferous : receptacle short-ovate. Georgia, Nnttu/1. 

 (a specimen named by him is ticketed Alabama) ; in a swamp near Macon, J. Dminc/f Smith. 

 Seemingly quite distinct. Simple-stemmed and low specimens with larger heads, Delaware 

 Co., Penn., verge rather to H. autumnale. 



* * * * Root perennial: rays fertile and conspicuous: stem or branches more or less winged 

 by the decurrent leaves: receptacle from half to two-thirds spherical: pappus with the palere 

 acuminate-aristate, not rarely somewhat lacerate or with one or two setifonn teeth. 



-1 Heads corymbose at summit of very leafy stem and branches; the disk globose: leaves mostly 



serrate or denticulate: flowering late. 



H. autumnale, L. Nearly glabrous or minutely pubescent : stem narrowly winged, 2 to 6 

 feet high: leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong: heads about half-inch in diameter, usually 

 equalled by the rays: pappus commonly half or two-thirds the length of disk-corolla. - 

 Spec. ii. 866 ; Lam. HI. t. 688 ; Schkuhr, Handb. t. 250 ; Bart. Fl. Am. Sept. t. 26 ; Hook. Bot. 

 Mag. t. 2994 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 384. H. lonf/ifotium, Smith in Rees Cycl. //. pumilum, 

 Willd. Enum. Suppl. 60, may be a common dwarf form. H. pnlescens, Ait. Kew. iii. 287. 

 //. canaliculatum, Lam. Jour. Hist. Nat. ii. 213, t. 35, & //. tnlntlifnrum, DC. Prodr. v. 666, a 

 state with tubulose ligules. H. altissimum & If. co/iiuuttatum, Link, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1840. 

 H. (jrandiflorum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 384, larger-flowered form. //. montanum, 

 Nutt. 1. c. Wet ground, Canada to Georgia, Texas, and westward to Brit. Columbia and 

 Arizona ; the var. grandi [florum, with rays three-fourths inch long, only in the northwest. 



