Tragopogon. COMPOSITE. 415 



f. 8-10; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 63. Desert region, W. Nevada, Watson, Shockley. 

 Edge of desert at San Felipe, San Diego Co., California, Parish. 



3. HEMIPTILITJM, Gray, 1. c., xix. 63. Heads 5-flowered, small : receptacle 

 naked : involucre merely calyculate : pappus of 4 to 6 narrow and rigid paleae 

 (rather than awns), not longer than the akene, sparsely short-plumose toward the 

 summit, fuscous. Hemiptilium, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 105, excl. spec. 



S. Schottii, GRAY. Probably annual, with habit of S. paniculata or S. exigita, slender : 

 loosely paniculate, 3 lines long : involucre of 4 or 5 thinnish bracts and 2 or 3 small calycu- 

 late ones : ligules barely 3 lines long : akenes less than 2 lines long, rather narrow, 4-5- 

 augled, tapering very slightly from truncate summit to base, minutely scabrous between the 

 smooth angles. Bot. Calif, i. 427. llemiptilium Schottii, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 1. c. 

 Arizona, on the Gila River, Schott. Not since collected. 



214. CH^TAD^LPHA, Gray. (Xam/, bristles, and dSeX^, sister, the 

 bristles or awns of pappus as it were 5-adelphous.) Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 218 ; 

 Rothrock in Wheeler Rep. 182, t. 15. Single species. 



C. Wlieeleri, GRAY, 1. c. Much branched from a perennial root, flexuous and fastigiate, 

 with aspect of Stephanomeria, or more of Li/godesmiu, a foot or two high : leaves narrowly 

 linear, entire, uppermost reduced to subulate scales : heads solitary terminating the branch- 

 lets : involucre half-inch and more high, somewhat exceeded by the pappus. W. Nevada, 

 on the borders of Arizona, Wheeler. Near Pyramid Lake, Lemnton. 



215. RAFINfiSQUIA, Nutt, (Constantine S. Rafinesque Sehmalz, a 

 noted botanist.) Glabrous and branching slightly succulent and Sonchus-like 

 winter annuals (Californian and New Mexican), leafy ; with pinnatifid leaves, re- 

 duced on the flowering branches to herbaceous bracts : the heads rather large, 

 with showy white or rose-tinged flowers, mostly matutinal. Nutt. Trans. Am. 

 Phil. Soc. vii. 429 ; Gray, PL Wright, ii. 103, & Bot. Calif, i. 429. 



B. Californica, NUTT. 1. c. Mostly robust, 2 or 3 feet high, paniculately branching, bear- 

 ing numerous heads : leaves oblong (larger 4 to 6 inches long) ; cauline partly clasping : 

 involucre thickened at base (half to three-fourths inch high), of 12 to 15 principal bracts and 

 some spreading calyculate ones : ligules comparatively short : beak of the akenes very slen- 

 der, as long as the body : pappus dull white. Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound, t. 34, figure not good. 

 Moist or shaded ground, common in California toward the coast: a smaller-flowered form 

 in N. W. Arizona, Palmer. 



R. Neo-Mexicana, GRAY. A foot or less high., more slender, bearing few but larger and 

 more showy heads and much smaller leaves, the lower of these often runciuate : involucre 

 narrow, more cylindraceous, sometimes inch long, little thickened at base, of fewer bracts : 

 ligules large and conspicuous (half-inch and more long), white or tinged with flesh-color: 

 beak of akene more gradually tapering, therefore stouter, rather shorter than the body : pap- 

 pus bright white, of firmer bristles, the plume somewhat arachnoid. PL Wright. 1. c. 

 Sand-hills, &c., in the desert region, S. E. California to S. Utah and New Mexico on the Rio 

 Grande ; first coll. by Wright. 



216. TRAGOP6G-ON, GOAT'S-BEARD, SALSIFY. (Tpayo?, goat, yw v, 

 beard.) Old World biennials or rarely perennials, glabrous ; with long taproot ; 

 entire and grass-like nervose leaves clasping at base ; long and stout peduncles 

 commonly thickened and fistulous under the large head ; the flowers yellow or 

 purple, closing at noon or earlier. Two species sparingly naturalized, one of 

 them cultivated. 



T. PORRIF6LIUS, L. (SALSIFY, OYSTER-PLANT.) Commonly 2 or 3 feet high : peduncle 

 strongly clavate-thickeued and fistulous for 2 or 3 inches beneath the head, which becomes 



