188 BORRAGINACE^E. Cynoglossum. 



* * Perennial and indigenous: racemes elevated on a naked terminal peduncle: nutlets hori- 

 zontal or nearly so, tumid, not margined, 



-1 Separating from the low-pyramidal gynobase and usually carrying away portions of the rather 

 short slender-subulate style. 



C. Virginicum, L. About 2 feet high, hirsute, few-leaved : radical and lowest cauline 

 leaves oval or oblong (4 to 10 inches long) and rather abruptly contracted into a long 

 margined petiole ; the upper oblong or ovate-lanceolate, conspicuously cordate-clasping : 

 common peduncle half a foot or so in length : tube of the corolla hardly longer than the 

 calyx-lobes (1 or 2 lines long) and not longer than the comparatively ample (pale blue) 

 lobes. C. amplexicaule, Michx. Fl. i. 132. Open woods, Upper Canada and Saskatchewan 

 to Florida and Louisiana. 



1 -I Nutlets horizontal on a very depressed gynobase, at separation free from the long and slen- 

 der stxle: Pacific species, with violet or blue and rather large paniculate-racemose flowers. 



C. OCCidentale, Gray. Hirsute-pubescent or in age almost hispid, about a foot high : 

 lower leaves spatulate, tapering gradually into winged petioles ; the upper from lanceolate 

 to ovate and partly clasping : tube of the corolla longer than the lanceolate calyx-lobes, 

 and twice or thrice the length of its own roundish lobes : style wholly filiform : nutlets 

 very tumid, almost globular, 4 lines long. Proc. Am. Acad. x. 58, & Bot. Calif, i. 531. 

 California, in the Sierra Nevada from Plumas Co. northward, Burr/ess, Lemmon, Mrs. Austin. 



C. grande, Dougl. Soft-villous-pubescent, hardly hirsute below, becoming glabrate in 

 age, about 2 feet high : lower leaves ovate- or subcordate-oblong and acute or acuminate, 

 4 to 8 inches long, on margined petioles of about the same length ; the upper smaller, from 

 ovate to lanceolate, abruptly contracted into shorter winged petioles : tube of the corolla 

 slightly exceeding the ovate calyx-lobes, and hardly longer than its own ample lobes (these 

 2 or 3 lines long) : slender style thicker towards the base: mature fruit unknown. Hook. 

 Fl. ii. 85 ; DC. Prodr. x. 153 ; Gray, 1. c. C. officinale, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 152, not L. 

 In woods, from Monterey, California, to Washington Terr. 



C. Iseve. Smooth and glabrous, except some soft and apparently deciduous pubescence on 

 the lower face of the leaves (which otherwise resemble those of C. grande), and more on 

 the lanceolate divisions of the calyx: flowers few: lobes of the corolla (1 or 2 lines long) 

 about half the length of the tube : filiform style hardly thickened downward : fruit not 

 seen. Pluuias Co., California, Mrs. Pulsifer-Ames. 



* * * Perennials of doubtful genus (fruit unknown), with linear sessile leaves, bracteate racemes, 

 rotate blue corolla, and short style. 



C. ciliatum, Dougl. A foot or more high, canescently hirsute, the hairs on the lower 

 part of the stem retrorse : leaves tomentose-hirsute, ciliate, 3-nerved ; the lower 4 inches 

 long and 2 lines wide, the upper an inch long : racemes subcorymbose : calyx-lobes lanceo- 

 late, obtuse: stigma capitate. Lehm. Pug. ii. 24, & in Hook. Fl. ii. 85, from which the 

 above description has been compiled. "Dry banks of mountain streams, Little Falls of 

 the Columbia and upwards to the Rocky Mountains, Douglas." 



C. Howard!. Depressed-cespit'ose, sericeous-canescent with appressed pubescence : leaves 

 mainly crowded on the tufted branches of the caudex, 5 to 8 lines long, spatulate-linear : 

 flowering steins an inch or two high, 3-4-leaved, densely few-flowered at the summit : bracts 

 linear, equalling the linear calyx-lobes : corolla with rounded lobes (a line and a half long) ; 

 fornicate appendages large ; the tube very short : stigma truncate. Rocky Mountains in 

 Montana, Winslow J. Howard. In flower only : apparently related to the preceding. 



10. ECHINOSPERMUM, Swartz. STICKSEED. (Formed of tjrtvos, a 

 hedgehog, and Galena, seed, referring to the prickly bur.) Annuals, biennials, 

 or occasionally perennials (the greater part of the Old "World), either pubescent 

 or hispid ; with racemose or spicate flowers, usually small, blue or whitish ; the 

 inflorescence either bracteate or nearly bractless. The nutlets are troublesome 

 burs. 



1. LAPPULA. Prickles of the fruit glochidiate-barbed at the apex, naked 

 below (when only marginal sometimes confluent by their bases into a wing.) 

 Lappula, Mocnch. Echinospennum Homalocaryum & Lnppula, A. DC. 



