Gal-ium. RUBIACE.E. 39 



filiform peduncles or hranchlets, and on filiform but rather short pedicels: corollas bright 

 white. Fl. ii. 23 ; Gray, Man. 1. c. Perhaps G. parviflonim, Raf. in Med. Rep. v. 3GO, & 

 Desv. Jour. Bot. i. 227 '? Dry hills, Pennsylvania and Virginia to Michigan, Illinois, Ken- 

 tucky, and Arkansas, first coll. by Short. 



* H H Leaves in sixes, sometimes fives or on the branchlets fours, cuspidatcly mucronate or 

 acuminate. 



** Fruit smooth and glabrous: plant rough and adhesive by retrorse prickles: flowers bii^ht 

 white. 



G. asprelllim, Micnx. Glabrous, pauiculately branched, erect and 2 feet high, or when sup- 

 ported by bushes 3 to 5 feet high, very floriferous: leaves lanceolate, about half-inch long, in 

 sixes or on the branchlets fives or fours ; their margins, midrib beneath, and prominent angles 

 of the stem armed with strong retrorse prickles rather than bristles : cymes many-flowered : 

 fruits small, like those of G. Irifidum. Fl. i. 78; DC. Prodr. iv. 598; Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 23. G. Penns <//r<-i H ifinn, Muhl. Cat. ; Willd. ex Rcem. & Schult. Syst. Maut. iii. 183. 

 G. spinidosmn, Raf. Free. Decouv. 1814, 40. G. mii-nin/finni, Pursh, Fl. i. 103 ? by the char., 

 except as to fruit. Alluvial ground, especially low and shaded banks of streams, Canada, 

 New England to Michigan and mountains of Carolina. (E. Asia '!) 



H- -H- Fruit from scabrous or papillose to uncinately hispid: angles of the stem and midrib beneath 

 minutely retrorse-hispidulous or scabrous or nearly naked in the same species: margins of leaves 

 either antrorsely or retrorscly hispidulous-ciliolate, or naked in the same species, or even on 

 different parts of same leaf. 



G. asperrimum, GRAY. Stems erect or diffusely ascending, but weak, a foot or two high, 

 probably from a perennial root : leaves lanceolate (about half-inch to inch long) : cymes 

 twice or thrice dichotomous, with filiform peduncles and pedicels : corolla white or turning 

 purplish : ovary merely puberulent or scabrous : fruit granulate-scabrous, and sometimes 

 minutely hispidulous. PI. Fendl. 60, & Bot. Calif, i. 284; Watson, Bot. King Exp. 134; 

 Rothrock in Wheeler Rep. vi. 138. Shady places in mountains, New Mexico (first coll. by 

 Fendler) and Arizona to Nevada, California, and E. Oregon; mostly var. asperu/um, Gray, 

 Bot. Calif. 1. c. ; but the hispid or hispidulous roughness very variable. 



G. triflorum, MICHX. Diffusely procumbent, smoothish : herbage sweet-scented (as of 

 Asperula odorata) in drying: stems a foot to a yard long: leaves elliptical -lanceolate to 

 narrowly oblong (inch or two long) : cymes once or twice 3-rayed : pedicels soon divari- 

 cate : corolla yellowish white to greenish, its lobes hardly surpassing the bristles of the 

 ovary: fruit uncinate-hispid. Fl. i. 80; Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 6G ; Pursh, Fl. i. 104; Hook. 

 I.e.; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. G. cuspidatum, Muhl. Cat.; Ell. Sk. i. 197; DC. 1. c. G. bra- 

 chiatum, Pursh, 1. c. 103. G. suaveolens, Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 48. G. Peniisi/lraiiir.-nn, Barton, 

 Comp. Fl. Philad. 83. Open and dry or moist woods, Canada to Alabama, Colorado, Rocky 

 Mountains, W. California, and north to Alaskan Islands. (N. Eu., Japan.) 



* * * Perennials with suffrutescent or suffruticose base: leaves 4 in the whorls ; their margins, 

 midrib, and angles of stem destitute of retrorse hispidness or roughness: fruit hirsute with long 

 and straight (not at all uncinate-tipped) bristles: Western species of arid districts. Tricho- 

 galium, Gray. 



4 Flowers hermaphrodite or monoacious-polygamous, paniculate and short-pedicelled, small : 

 corolla only a line in diameter, brown-purple: stems numerous in tufts from the woody base, 

 a foot or less high, slender, much branched: leaves narrow, 2 to 4 lines long, one-nerved, 



pointless. 



G. Rothrockii, GRAY. Glabrous, erect : leaves narrowly linear, rigid : bristles not very 

 copious, not longer than, the body of the fruit. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 203. S. Arizona, 

 Wright (mixed with the following species), Rothrock, Lcmmon. (Lower Calif., Orcutt.) 



G. W^rightii, GRAY. Hirsute-pubescent throughout, diffuse : leaves linear to narrowly 

 oblong, hardly at all rigid : bristles of fruit as long as its diameter. PI. Wright, i. 80, ii. 

 67. Crevices of rocks in ravines, W. Texas to S. Arizona, Wright, Lcmmon. 



) ) Flowers dioecious: corolla greenish white or yellowish. 



H- Leaves narrowly linear, with midrib little prominent and no lateral nerves or veins: steins 

 elongated. 



G. angustif olium, NUTT. Becoming shrubby at base, 1 to 4 feet high, with rigid virgate 

 branches, smooth and glabrous or minutely pruiuose-puberulent : leaves barely mucronulate 



