COMPOSITE. 1 



- Ray-flowers, or rather their ovaries and akenes, in more than one peril's, and with , 

 gated exserted deciduous ligules ; the akencs falling five, or with n,,K the subteE 

 bract. (Schizomeria of Mexico is of this section, l,ut with fewer ray-flowi rs.) 



70. SILPHIUM. Heads large, many-flowered. Involucre of thickish more or less Mia- 

 ceous imbricated bracts; the innermost (next to the akenes) small and chaffy. I; 

 comparatively small, the central part hearing the sterile flowers somewhal inrl.inate in 



its chaffy bracts linear, flat, or involute around the pedicilliforin abort ive (.varies. ( !on 

 of the ray with a long and spreading ligule on a very short tube ; of the dish cylindrical- 

 tubular, the teeth very short and thickish. Sterile style entire, mn-h elongated in' anthesis, 

 hispidulous. Akenes very flat and broad, imbricated in 2 or :; series; complefa 

 from the sulitcnding bract and from those of adjacent male flowers, surrounded l.v a wii 

 margin which is produced more or less beyond the summit on each side into a callous ; 

 or auricle ; pappus none or sometimes a pair of short rigid awns or teeth, with which the 

 wing is couflueutly united. 



-1 * Ray-flowers and akenes in a single series; the latter with 2 or 3 bracts of sterile 

 flowers (palete of the receptacle) attached to their base on the inner side, which thev 

 take with them, and commonly also the subtending involucral bract, when thev fall. 



H- Heads conspicuously radiate ; the ligules plane and exserted, snlisessil.-, \vllo\y . oblong 

 or oval: receptacle flat : its bracts or chaff, or at least the outer, of railier firm tc.Mnn- ;;nd 

 more or less involving their sterile flowers or inane ovaries. 



71. BERLANDIERA. Heads broad, with 5 to 12 radiate fertile and many hermaphrodite- 

 sterile flowers. Involucre hemispherical or broader; its bracts in about three series : outer- 

 most smaller and more foliaceous ; the succeeding larger and usuallv dilared-..ho\ . 

 innermost thinner, becoming membranaceous or chartaceous and reticulated in aie. Disk- 

 corollas, style, &c. as in Silphium, Akeue very flat or slightly nieni,-coid:d. obovate, \\inir- 

 less, not toothed or notched at summit, carinately nnicostate down the inner face, with 

 evanescent or obsolete pappus (sometimes two minute and caducous hrisilv teeth or awns), 

 at the back more or less coherent with the base of the subtending plane involucral bract, at 

 length falling away with it, the ventral face partly covered by the spatulaie bracts of the 

 2 or 3 attached sterile flowers. Alternate-leaved perennials. 



72. CHRYSOGONUM. Heads of mostly 5 radiate fertile and rather numerous sterile 

 flowers. Involucre campanulate, double; outer of 5 loose and obovate or spatulai*- folia- 

 ceous bracts which surpass the disk; inner of as many small oval firm-membranaceous civet 

 bracts, each subtending a fertile flower. Chaffy bracts of the receptacle thin, linear, the 

 outer broader and partly enclosing as many sterile flowers. Ligules oblong: disk-corollas 

 cylindraceous, with 5 small spreading teeth. Akene obovate or oval, flat or slightly in^nis- 

 coidal, with acute but wingless margins, one-nerved on the convex back, carinately 1-2- 

 costate on inner face, crowned with a truncate or crenately emargiuate semi-cupulate 

 pappus, i. e. the crown wanting on the inner side ; the involucral bract with which ii Falls 

 little larger than its back, and closely applied to but not cohering with it : adjacent sterile 

 bracts less persistent with the akeue than in the following genus. Low and opposite -!. .-.> . d 

 perennial. 



73. LINDHEIMERA. Heads of 4 or 5 radiate fertile and rather numerous sterile 

 flowers. Involucre double ; outer of 4 or 5 loose and foliaceous narrow lanceolate bracts; 

 inner of as manv larger ovate-oblong herbaceous bracts, becoming chartaceo-membranaceous, 

 subtending the fertile flowers. Receptacle small; its inner bracts chaffy, narrowly linear 

 and nearly plane ; the outer more herbaceous, spatulate, and enclosing the iiliform abortive 

 ovary, which forms a long pedicel to the subtended sterile flower. l,iu'iilcs oval or obi 

 almost entire: disk-corollas funnelform. Akene obovate, Hat, slightly meniscoidal, unicos- 

 tate on the middle of each face (dorsally not ad n ate to the much larger sul.nn.linu bract), 

 surrounded by a cartilaginous entire wing, which is confluent, at apex, with two triangular- 

 subulate rigid teeth or horns; a similar but smaller and naked tooth projecting from the 

 summit of the ventral costa. Erect annual, with sessile leaves, the upper opposite. 



74. ENGELMANNIA. Heads of 8 to 10 conspicuously radiate and of many sterile flowers. 

 Involucre hemispherical, somewhat double; the outer of about 10 rather linear mainly 

 foliaceous bracts in two series, i. e. the outermost smaller and wholly loose and Eoliaci 

 the succeeding similar but with ovate-dilated and appressed coriaceous base ; inner of i 



