COMPOSITES. 67 



ceous or foliaceous. Eeceptacle flat; its chaffy bracts scarious-membranaoeous eondm.lioatc 

 around the akenes and tardily deciduous with them. Proper tube of . ),'.,] 



the length of the oblong-campanulate throat. Appendages of the st : - f rom ob 



long to dilatcd-spatulate, obtuse. Akeues compressed, narrowly oblong-coneate caUous 

 margined, very villous, bearing a nearly persistent p : ,ppu s of a subulate somewhat ch 

 awn from each angle of the truncate summit, and commonly son,,, intermediate sm 

 ones or squamellse. 



b. Herbaceous, or sometimes shrubby : leaves never decurrent on the stem: rays n.-iitraL 

 rarely wanting : mature akenes all wingless or nearly so, emar-inate or truncate at sum- 

 mit, the margins either villous-ciliate or naked. 



1 08. ENCELIA. Pappus none, or an awn or its rudiment answering to cadi margin of the 

 wingless akcne : no intermediate squamelhe. 



107. HELIANTHELLA. Pappus of delicate squamellw between the iw., chaff v teeth or 

 awns which surmount the two acute margins of the akene (and sometimes tl'u- lateral 

 angles when there are any), or these obsolete in age, Lut not caducous. Ovarv often wing- 

 margiiied, but mature akeue not so. 



c. Herbaceous, or rarely suff ruticose : rays fertile or sometimes neutral in Verbesina, ><r 

 occasionally wanting: akeues or some of them developing winged margins, .>r sometimes 

 all wingless, none villous-ciliate : style-appendages acute. 



108. ZEXMENIA. Involucre campanulate or hemispherical, imbricated ; the bracts com- 

 monly broad, erect, and dry, or the outermost sometimes loose and i'oliaceous or with 

 spreading herbaceous tips. Rays fertile. Receptacle flat or convex. Akenes of ilic rav or 

 outermost of the disk triquetrous; of the disk more or less compressed, sometimes flat, 

 truncate at summit, variably and narrowly winged or acutely margined, awned from one r 

 more of the margins or angles, the awns either connected by dilated bases <>r with inter- 

 mediate and separate or confluent persistent sqtiamelhv.. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate. 



109. VERBESINA. Involucre campanulate or hemispherical and more or less imbrii-a;. d. 

 rarely more spreading, from somewhat herbaceous to foliaceous. Pays IV rt lie, or st \ li Eeri >ns 

 but infertile, or sometimes neutral, sometimes none. Receptacle from convex to .i.nical: 

 disk from convex to ovoid, not squarrose in fruit. Akeues usually winged and flat or much 

 compressed, 2-awned, or in the ray triquetrous and 1-3-awned, with no intermedia!. > sq mi- 

 ni ellae, and even the awus sometimes obsolete or wanting. Leaves opposite or alternate, apt 

 to be decurrent as wings on the stem. 



110. ACTINOMERIS. Involucre simple, of few and small herbaceous and ICM.M- bracts, 

 deHexed under the globular fruiting disk, which is globose even in antlies!.-.. and echinate- 

 squarrose in fruit by the spreading of the akenes in all directions on the small and .-o.,n 

 globular receptacle. Rays neutral, few and irregular or none. Akenes flai, <>!m\;itr, 

 winged or wingless in the same head. Pappus of 2 slender-subulate naked awn>, at length 

 divergent, sometimes with 2 or 3 intermediate awns or awn-like squamellse. 



Subtribe VI. COREOPSIDE^E. Akenes obcompressed or sometimes terete, and the >ul>- 

 tending chaffy bracts flat or hardly concave: otherwise as in Verbesvnees. Heads 

 many-flowered. Leaves mostly opposite. Style-tips of the disk-iloweis produced into 

 a cusp or cone, or sometimes capitellate-truncate. 



-* Involucre single : habit of the preceding group. 



111. SYNEDRELLA. Heads with few or several fertile ray-flowers and more mimerous 

 disk-flowers ; the latter with slender tube to the corolla. Involucre o\ oid or oblong, of rather 

 few bracts ; the outer larger than the inner, erect, mostly foliaceous. Mracts of the recep- 

 tacle scarious-membranaceous. Style-appendages of the disk-llowers slender. Akenes or 

 some of them wing-margined, and the wings commonly lacerate or undulate, in the ray 

 often triquetrous, the angles or wings surmounted each by a rigid naked awn. Annuals. 



* * Involucre double, rarely indistinctly so: receptacle Hat or mnvN convex; the thin 

 chaffy la-acts of the receptacle mostly deciduous with the akenes. 15ase of M\le not 

 rarely bulbous-dilated. 



+- Rays alwavs neutral (rarely wanting) : akenes never rostrate-attenuate nor with re- 

 trorsely barbed awns: no ring at the junction of tube and throat of disk-corolla. 



