126 COMPOSITE. Aplopappus. 



heads few terminating the branches, one-third inch high : involucre hemispherical ; the 

 bracts fewer-ranked and with slightly spreading greenish tips : akenes short, sericeous- 

 canesceut. Eriocarpum grinde/iuides, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Sue. 1. c. 321. Rocky Moun- 

 tains and adjacent plains, north to Idaho and Saskatchewan, south to New Mexico and 

 Arizona; first coll. by Nuttall. 



* * Heads radiate, with rays not rarely neutral or sterile, or in one species commonly discoidal 

 bv tlie diminution of the ligules: involucre well imbricated, of firm texture, the bracts either 

 coriaceous with herbaceous tips or coriaceo-foliaceous : akenes (with two exceptions) glabrous 

 and narrow: pappus capillary but rigid: style-appendages long and slender, acute or acutish : 

 perennials, rigid-leaved. Pyrrocoma, Gray, PI. Wright, i. 98. Pyrrocuma & Homopapptts, 

 in part, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 330, 333: 



H Shrubby: rays conspicuous but sterile: appendage of the slender style-branches of the length 

 and breadth of the stigmatic portion: akenes very glabrous, narrow, compressed, 4-nerved. 



A. Berberidis. Suffruticose, a foot or two high : flowering branches somewhat virgate, 

 when young tomentose-pubescent, equably leafy, bearing numerous and racemose or some- 

 times solitary heads : leaves oval, very obtuse, spiuulosely and evenly multidentate, half- 

 clasping by au abrupt somewhat adnate base (half to full inch long), coriaceous, with 

 conspicuous midrib but obscure veins : involucre broadly turbinate ; its bracts numerous, in 

 successively shorter ranks, broadly linear or outermost oblong, smooth, all with very obtuse 

 and short rather appressed green tips : rays numerous, a quarter to nearly half an inch long, 

 seldom styliferous : pappus merely sordid. All Saints Bay, Lower California, so near that 

 it may be expected within the U. S. border, Parry, Miss Fish. 



4 -i Herbaceous: style-appendages from subulate-filiform to narrowly subulate, much longer 

 than the stigmatic portion. 



H- Heads large and discoid, the sterile rays being hardly apparent or very small for the s-ize of 

 the head (when styliferous the style-branches sometimes tipped with a hispid appendage!): 

 akenes completely glabrous and smooth, slender but flatfish, 4-costate or nerved, often finely 

 striate: rigid leaves commonly spatulate or lanceolate, on the same plant either entire or sparsely 

 spinulose-toothed. Pyrrocoma, Hook. 



A. carthamoid.es, GRAY. Commonly a foot high, rather stout and leafy, scabro-puberu- 

 leixt when young, becoming smooth, bearing a solitary terminal large head and sometimes 

 one or two in axils : leaves from spatulate to oblong or lanceolate : involucre hemispherical, 

 half to three-fourths inch high, often leafy-subtended at base; its proper bracts coriaceous- 

 rigid, from oblong to broadly lanceolate or innermost linear, more or less scarious-margined, 

 most of them tipped with an abrupt mucro or cusp, the outer commonly loose and becoming 

 leaf-like, either entire or spiuulose-deuticulate : rays almost always present and rather 

 numerous; but their ligules inconspicuous, being short, involute, and concealed in the at 

 length rufous or fulvous pappus. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, G5. Pyrrocoma cartkamoides, 

 Hook. Fl. i. 306, t. 107; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 243. Dry plains and hills, Oregon, Wash- 

 ington Terr., and Idaho ; first coll. by Douglas. Polymorphous species : the extremes are 



Var. maximus. Robust, leafy, sometimes 2 feet high : radical leaves obovate or 

 oval, 3 to 7 inches long ; caiiline oblong, with partly clasping base : heads ample, in fruit an 

 inch high and broad : involucre of very numerous and broad or broadish bracts : rays some- 

 times more evolute, but small. Pi/rrocoma radinla, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 333; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Of the same district, first coll. by Nnttft/1. 



Var. Cusickii. Smaller : stems only a span or two high, ascending, few-leaved : 

 leaves mostly spatulate-lanceolate : head three-fourths to nearly inch high in fruit, but nar- 

 row and much fewer-flowered : bracts of the involucre correspondingly fewe,r, lanceolate, 

 mostly acute or acuminate. Union Co., Oregon, flowering earlier (in June), Cusick. Per- 

 haps a distinct species, but appears to pass into the smaller forms of the type. 



H- -H- Heads middle-sized to small, evidently radiate ; the exserted rays often infertile but 

 styliferius: plants comparatively slender and more capituliferous. 



= Pubescence either cottony-tomentose and deciduous or none: leaves firm-coriaceous or rigid; 

 cauline and mostly the radical lanceolate, the former disposed to be sparse or small at the 

 upper part of stem : akenes or ovaries not rarely with some villous pubescence. Homopappus, 

 Nutt., excl. //. unijlurus. 



A. racemosus, TORR. Stems usually virgate and simple, rigid, a foot or two high, leafy: 

 leaves lanceolate or radical, sometimes obloug-spatulate (4 to 6 inches long, tapering into a 



