Aster. COMPOSITE. 205 



striate : receptacle alveolate the alveoli toothed or lacerate: style-appendages 

 from linear-lanceolate to filiform-subulate : pappus copious and simple, of rather 

 rigid unequal bristles : leafy-stemmed and branching biennials (sometimes more 

 enduring, but no rootstocks, stolons or buds below the crown), or occasionally 

 annuals (W. N. American and Mexican) : the showy heads terminating the 

 branches : involucre either canescent or somewhat viscid or glandular : leaves 

 from sparingly dentate to bipinnately parted, the teeth or lobes apt to be bristle- 

 tipped. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. G47, & Bot. Calif, i. o22. Macliaerantliera, 

 Nees, Ast. 224 ; Gray, PL Wright, i. 90. Dieteria, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 

 vii. 300 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 09. 



* Anomalous, seemingly perennial and multicipital, but otherwise of this section. 



A. Coloradoensis, GRAY. A span or less high, forming a tuft of short few-leaved stems 

 on a strong tap root, canescently pubescent, not at all glandular : leaves spatulate or oh- 

 lauceolate (about an inch long), coarsely dentate, the teeth tipped with conspicuous bristles: 

 heads solitary, broadly hemispherical, half-inch high : involucral bracts small and numerous, 

 well imbricated, subulate-lanceolate, rather close : rays 35 to 40, violet-purple, barely half- 

 inch long : akenes turbinate, short, densely canescent-villous, half the length of the compara- 

 tively rigid pappus. Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 76; Rothrock in Wheeler Rep. vi. 149, t. 7. 

 Common in South Park, Colorado, Porter, Canby, Greene, &c. Also San Juan Pass, at 

 12,000 feet, Brandcyee. 



* * Genuine species, with annual or biennial but never truly perennial root. 



H Involucre densely hispidulous as well as viscid, very squarrose: akenes glabrous or glabrate: 

 pappus slender: heads large and broad (the disk two-thirds to full inch in diameter): herbage 

 green, not canescent, glabrate: leaves from incisely dentate to entire, their teeth or tips ob- 

 scurely if at all mucronate-setigerous: rays bright violet, showy: root biennial or somewhat 

 more enduring. 



A. Patterson!, GRAY. A span or two high, branched from the summit of the tap root: 

 stems or branches with soft or cottony-tomentulose pubescence, or glabrate : leaves thickish, 

 spatulate or Ungulate, entire or coarsely few-toothed, none widened at base : heads solitary 

 or few : involucral bracts lanceolate : rays about 30, fully half-inch long. Proc. Am. Acad. 

 xiii. 272, excl. var. Machceranthera cancsrcns, var. afpiua, Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colorad. 

 59. Moist ground along streams, Gray's Peak, Colorado; first coll. by Parry, then by Pat- 

 terson, &c. 



A. Bigelovii, GRAY. A foot or two high, robust : stem leafy, branching above, rough ish- 

 hirsute to glabrate ; the flowering branches or peduncles glandular-hirsute, terminated by 

 showy large heads : leaves oblong or lanceolate, irregularly and sometimes incisely dentate, 

 sometimes entire ; radical lanceolate-spatulate ; cauline oblong to lanceolate, usually with 

 broadish partly clasping base : involucral bracts very numerous, linear-attenuate or the pro- 

 longed and much recurved tips almost filiform : rays very many, an inch or less long. 

 Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 97, t. 10. A. Toirnshrndii, Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. G430 (wrong as to the 

 broadly obovate style-appendages figured and described) ; Robinson, Garden, xvii. t. 228. 

 Southern Colorado and New Mexico, Biyclow, Brandegce, Rusby, &c. Very handsome in 

 cultivation. 



-1 -i Involucre from nearly glabrous to glandular-puberulcnt or canescent, not rarely viscid, but 

 not hirsute or hispidulous: heads less ample: akenes densely pubescent. 



M- Leaves at most incisely dentate, rather rigid: root disposed to be biennial or somewhat more 

 enduring. Dieteria, Nutt. 



A. gymnocephalus, GRAY. Stem erect, simple or branched from a rather slender root, 

 commonly hirsute or hispidulous, equably leafy to the top : branches bearing solitary usually 

 naked-pedunculate middle-sized heads : leaves spatulate-oblong to lanceolate ; cauliue short 

 (inch or less long), usually obtuse, copiously serrate or denticulate with spinulose-setigerous 

 teeth: involucre depressed-hemispherical, half-inch or less high; its bracts linear-subulate 

 with the tips squarrose : rays purple, 4 or 5 lines long: receptacle fimbrillate. Proc. Am. 

 Acad. xv. 32 ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6549. Aplopappns gymnocephalus, DC. Prodr. v. 34G, &, 

 A. blepltariph/jllus, Gray, PI. Wright, i. 97 ; the ray-flowers having been thought to be yellow. 



