236 COMPOSITE. Gnaphalium. 



lucral bracts with brownish or somewhat whitish tips, obtuse. Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 110; Rothr. 

 in Wheeler Rep. vi. 157. Eastern Rocky Mountain region, from Wyoming to New Mexico, 

 and to Mount Agassiz, Arizona; first collected by Fremont. 



* * * Involucre of the few and naked heads nearly glabrous, brown : female flowers compara- 

 tively few, only twice or thrice the number of the hermaphrodite: akenes broader and flatter: 

 small and low alpine perennial. Omnlutheca, Cass., DC. 



G. SUpinum, VILL. Cespitose : leaves white-woolly, mainly in radical tnfts, linear, less 

 than inch long, 2 or 4 on the (inch to span high) simple slender flowering stems, which bear 

 2 to 7 spieately disposed heads. Delph. iii. 192; Engl. Bot. t. 1193; Hook. Fl. i. 329; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. G. pusillnin, Hienke; Schkuhr, Haudb. t. 267. Omalotheca supina, DC. 

 Prodr. vi. 245. Alpine region of the White Mountains, N. Hampshire, and Labrador. 

 (Greenland, Eu., Asia.) 



2. GAMOCH^TA. Bristles of the pappus united in a ring at base and decid- 

 uous together from the akene : heads spicately or sometimes capitately glomerate, 

 the lower glomerules leafy bracteate : involucre brownish, purplish, or sordid. 

 Gamoc/iteta, Wedd. Chlor. And. i. 151. 



* Northern (also European) species, perennials: stems strict and simple: akenes fusiform, hispidu- 

 lous-pubescent. 



G. Norvegicum, GUNNER. A span or two high, silvery-woolly throughout : leaves spatu- 

 late-lauceolate, acute ; the radical often 6 inches long and half-inch wide ; canline sparse : 

 heads in the upper axils and in an oblong spike : involucre 3 lines long, dark brown or the 

 bracts with a lighter centre. PI. Norveg. 105 (Fl. Dan. t. 254); Syme, Eugl. Bot. t. 744. 

 G. sylvaticum, Smith (not L.) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 429. G. sylvaticum, var. fuscatum, 

 Wahl. ; DC. Prodr. vi. 232. G.fuscnm, Lam. Diet., not Scop. Labrador; Mount Albert, 

 Lower Canada, Allen. (Greenland, Eu.) 



G. sylvaticum, L. A span to a foot or more high, more leafy : leaves linear or the lowest 

 linear-oblanceolate, glabrous or glabrate above : heads numerous in an elongated and leafy 

 virgate-spiciform inflorescence: involucre light-colored; the bracts usually only brownish- 

 tipped or with a brown spot below the hyaliue-scarious tip. Spec. ii. 856 ; Fl. Dau. t. 1229 ; 

 Syme, 1. c , t. 743. G. rectum, Smith, Engl. Bot. New Brunswick, roadsides and muddy 

 shores of the Bay of Chaleurs, Fowler, Macoun. Perhaps introduced. (Eu., N. Asia.) 



* * More southern, and wholly American, annuals or biennials, chiefly of the sea-coast or near it. 



G. purpureum, L. Canescent with a silvery dense and close coating of white wool, some- 

 times becoming flocculent, simple or branched from the base : stems erect or ascending, 6 to 

 20 inches high : leaves spatulate, obtuse, usually becoming glabrate and green above : heads 

 in a cylindraceous or oblong or in a more elongated spiciform inflorescence : involucre 

 (2 lines long) brownish, often tinged with purple : akenes sparsely scabrous. Spec. ii. 854 

 (pi. Grouov. & Dill. Elth.) ; Michx. Fl. ii. 127; Torr. Gray, Fl. ii. 428; Klatt in Linn, 

 xlii. 140. G. spicalum, spathulatum, stachydifdium, & fakatum (narrow-leaved form), Lam. 

 Diet. ii. 757, &c. G. Americanum (Mill. Diet."?), Willd. Spec. iii. 1887. G. Pennsylvanicum, 

 Willd. Enum. 867. G. h//emalc, Walt. Car. 203. G, Chamissonis, DC. Prodi-, vi. 233. 

 G. ustulatum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c., ex char. And many other extra-North- 

 American synonyms: polymorphous. Coast of Mass, to Texas, and interior of Arkansas; 

 also Washington Terr, to S. California and Arizona, in saline soil. (Mex., S. Anier.) 



62. INULA, L. (Old Latin name of Elecampane.) A large and varied 

 Old World genus, chiefly of perennial yellow-flowered herbs, with alternate sim- 

 ple leaves, sometimes tomentose, but not floccose-woolly. Section CORVISARTIA 

 (Helenium, Adans., not L., Gorvisartia, Herat & Cass.) consists mainly of 



I. HELENIUM, L. (ELECAMPANE, i. e. Enula campana of the herbalists.) A coarse and tall 

 herb, in tufts from large perennial (bitter-mucilaginous) roots: leaves large, especially the 

 petioled ovate radical ones, denticulate, tomentose beneath ; cauline sessile, partly clasping : 

 heads very large, solitary or few terminating the stem or flowering branches : outer bracts 

 of the involucre ovate and foliaceous ; inner smaller, obovate and spatidate, obtuse : rays very 



