242 COMPOSITE. Silphium. 



a form passing into var. reniforme, Torr. & Gray, 1. c., has rounder leaves, some only sinuate- 

 dentate, others deeply palmately cleft. S. elatum, Pursh, Fl. ii. 579. S. tcrcbintkinaceum, 

 Ell. Sk. ii. 463, not Jacq. 6'. reniforme, Raf. Med. Fl. ii. 283 ; Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 

 vii. 341. Pine woods and harreus, N. Carolina to Florida. 



S. terebinthiliaceum, JACQ. (PRAIRIE DOCK.) Stem 4 to 9 feet high, bearing several 

 or numerous large heads : leaves of thick and linn texture, cordate-oblong or sometimes 

 ovate-oblong, a foot or two long (besides the long petiole), dentate with very many small 

 teeth, becoming rough in age : involucre nearly an inch high : rays an inch or more in 

 length : akeues obovate, narrowly winged, merely emargiuate and obscurely 2-toothed at 

 summit. Ilort. Vindob. i. t. 43 ; L. f. Suppl. 383; Gtertn. Fruct. ii. 445, t. 171; Schk. 

 Handb. t. 262; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3525; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Prairies and dry open wood- 

 lands, Ohio and Michigan to Iowa and south to W. Georgia and Louisiana. 



Var. pin.natifid.uni, GRAY. Leaves laciniately or siuuately piuuatifid. Man. ed. 1, 

 220. S. pinnutijidam, Ell. 1. c. Ohio and W. Georgia, not common. 



* * * * Stein terete (striate when dried), bearing alternate deeply pinnatifid or bipinnatifid 

 coriaceous leaves, and sessile or short-peduncled large heads racemosely disposed along the 

 naked summit, and bracteate : involucre rigid; its bracts ovate, thickened and at length coria- 

 ceous at base, with equally long or longer and spreading foliaccous acumination : rays numer- 

 ous: herbage scabrous-hispidulous or hispid, very rough when dried. COMPASS-PLANTS. 



S. lacini'atum, L. Stem 3 to 6 and even 12*feet high : radical leaves (a foot or two long) 

 loug-petiuled, once or twice pinnately parted or below divided, the divisions and lobes lan- 

 ceolate to linear ; cauliue with petiole simply dilated at base, or with stipuliform and some- 

 times palmaiilid appendages; upper sessile and reduced to bracts: involucre inch or more 

 high and broad : rays numerous, inch or two long, bright yellow : akenes half-inch long, 

 oval, glabrous or nearly so, with narrow wing widening upward and an open shallow notch; 

 no awns. Spec. ii. 919; L. f. Dec. 5, t. 3; Jacq. f. Eel. 1, t. 90; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; 

 Median, Nat. Flowers, ser. 2, ii. t. 46 ; Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6534. S. spicatum, Poir. Suppl. 

 v. 157. $. tjummiferum, Ell. Sk. ii. 460. Prairies, Wisconsin to Dakota and south to 

 Alabama, Kansas, and Texas. Leaves vertical and, especially the radical ones, disposed to 

 place the edges north and south, in respect to which there is abundant literature. See 

 Alvord in Am. Naturalist, xvi. 626. 



S. albifLorum, GRAY. Low, a foot to barely a yard high, very scabrous : leaves rigid, as 

 broad as lung, more disposed to pedate division ; dilated base of petiole entire : tips of iuvo- 

 lucral bracts seldom surpassing the disk : rays wlilte, about inch long : akenes puberulent ; 



. the narrow wing produced and dilated at summit into somewhat triangular teeth which are 

 adnate to a pair of subulate and more or less projecting awns, the notch narrow. Proc. 

 Am. Acad. xix. 4. On cretaceous rocks, \V. & N. Texas, Reverchon. 



71. BERLANDIERA, DC. (J. L. Berlandier, a Genevese botanist 

 and collector, explored parts of Texas and Mexico, died at Matamoras in 1851.) 

 Perennial herbs (of the southeastern borders of the U. S.) ; with canescent 

 or cinereous herbage, thick roots, alternate leaves, and pedunculate heads : the 

 rays yellow: involucre radiately expanding in fruit. FL spring and summer. 

 Prodr. v. 517; Benth. PI. Hartw. 17; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 280. 



* Stems leafy up to the inflorescence of mostly rather numerous and short-peduncled heads: 

 leaves crenate, some or all the cauline cordate ; radical oblong. 



B. Texana, DC. Hirsute-tomentose ; the pubescence not pannose, that of the (2 or 3 feet 

 high) very leafy stem commonly hirsute or villous, the coarser hairs many-jointed: cauliue 

 leaves from oblong-cordate to subcordate-lanceolate, greenish, merely cinereous beneath, 

 somewhat scabrous above ; upper closely sessile, lower short-petioled : heads usually fas- 

 tigiate-cymose. Prodr. 1. c. ; Deless. Ic. Sel. iv. t. 26 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. B. long/folia, Nutt. 

 Traus. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 342. Margin of woods and hillsides, Texas (first coll. by Ber- 

 landier), W. Louisiana and Arkansas to S. W. Missouri. Leaves of Betonica. 



Var. betonicifolia, TORR. & GRAY, 1. c. A form with most of the cauline leaves 

 petioled, and the peduncles hirsute with purplish hairs. Silphium. betomci folium, Hook 

 Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 99. Louisiana, Drummond. 



