Iva. COMPOSITE. 247 



obovate-oval, turgid. Car. 232; Michx. Fl. ii. 184; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Sands of the 

 sea-shore, Virginia to Florida and Louisiana. ( W. Ind.) 



H- -K- Bracts of the simpler involucre 5 or 4 ; those among the several or rather numerous sterile 

 flowers reduced to linear iiliform chaff: herbage minutely or sparsely strigulose or nearly gla- 

 brous, rarely more pubescent: leaves opposite and alternate. 



I. frutescens, L. (MARSH ELDER, HIGH-WATER SHRUB.) Shrubby, or on the northern 

 coast nearly herbaceous, erect, 3 to 8 feet high, much brauched : cauline leaves oval or ob- 

 long, 3 to 5 inches long, serrate, 3-nerved at base, petioled ; those of the branches lanceolate 

 and tapering to each end, and in the upper part of the inflorescence reduced to linear bracts 

 mostly surpassing the heads: bracts of the involucre distinct, orbictilar-obovate. Amcen. 

 Acad. iii. 25, & Spec. ii. 989; Walt. Car. 232; Lam. 111. t. 166, f. 2; Michx. Fl. ii. 184; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 287. Brackish muddy shores and beaches along the sea-coast, from 

 Massachusetts to Texas. 



I. Hayesiana, GRAY. Stiff mteseent, 2 or 3 feet high, with ascending rather simple branches : 

 leaves obovate-oblong or spatulate, or the small uppermost lanceolate, obtuse, entire, nearly 

 sessile ; the larger 2 inches long ; upper little or not at all surpassing the heads : involucral 

 bracts distinct, roundish. Proc. Am. Acad. xi. 78, & Bot. Calif, i. 614. Brackish soil, San 

 Diego Co., California, Sutton Hayes, Palmer, G. R. Vasey. 



I. axillaris, PURSII. Herbaceous from somewhat woody creeping rootstocks ; the stems or 

 branches nearly simple, ascending, a foot or two high : leaves from obovate or oblong to 

 nearly linear, obtuse, mostly entire, sessile, rarely over inch long, even the uppermost usually 

 much surpassing the mostly solitary heads in their axils : bracts of the hemispherical invo- 

 lucre connate into a 4-5-lobed or sometimes parted and sometimes merely crenate cup. 

 Fl. ii. 743; Nutt. Gen. ii. 185; Hook. Fl. i. 309, t. 100; Torr. & Gray, I.e. /. axillaris 

 (bracts almost separate) & I.foliohsa (bracts much united), Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. 

 346. Sandy saline soil, Saskatchewan and Dakota to New Mexico, and west to Brit. Colum- 

 bia and California. 



Var. pubescens, GRAY. Villous with lax spreading hairs : involucre turbinate and 

 almost entire. Bot. Wilkes Exped. xvi. 350, & Bot. Calif, i. 343. California, along the 

 Bay of San Francisco. 



-I H Heads 3-6-flowered, small (about a line long), very numerous, subsessile, all surpassed 

 by the narrow-linear or lilifnrm mostly alternate subtending leaves: slender erect annuals, 

 with elongated or virgate flowering branches: chaffy bracts filiform. Monacli&na, Torr. & 

 Gray, 1. c. 



I. microcephala, NUTT. Nearly glabrous, 2 or 3 feet high, even the lower leaves narrowly 

 linear (an inch or two long, a line wide), those subtending the loosely disposed hemispherical 

 heads spreading : involucre of 4 or 5 distinct bracts : fertile and sterile flowers each about 3. 

 Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Dry pine barrens, E. and Middle Florida, 

 Baldwin, Chapman, Palmer, Curtiss. 



I. ailgLTStifolia, NUTT. Strigulose-scabrous or somewhat hirsute, 2 to 4 feet high : lower 

 leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends (larger inch and a half long, 3 or 4 lines wide), some 

 of them sparingly serrate ; those of the branches from linear to filiform, the bracteal ones 

 ascending: heads more crowded and spicate, turbinate : involucral bracts united by scarimis 

 edges into a cup : fertile flowers usually solitary ; the sterile 2 to 5 : anther-tips cuspidate- 

 apiculate. DC. Prodr. v. 529, & Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Gravelly 

 banks or beds of streams, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. (Adj. Mex.) 



3. CIIORISIVA. Heads scattered, lateral and ebracteate on leafy branches : 

 fertile flowers with evident corolla. 



I. Nevadensis, M. E. JOXES. Low and diffusely branched annual, leafy to the top, cine- 

 reously hirsute-pubescent : leaves obovate in outline, pinnately 3-7-partcd into oblong or 

 obovate obtuse lobes : heads small, sessile along the branches or rarely in the axil of a leaf: 

 involucre of 3 nearly distinct ovate-oblong and very obtuse foliaceous bracts, considerably 

 surpassing the 8 to 10 male and 3 or 4 female flowers ; the latter subtended and akeno pan Iv 

 enwrapped by as many roundish and hyaline interior bracts ; their truncate corolla beset and 

 fringed by long hairs. Am. Naturalist, xvii. 973, but akenes not "finely striate." Near 

 Hawthorne, Nevada, M. E. Jones. Insignificant but singular species, with the aspect of 

 Franseria Hookertana. 



