272 COMPOSITE. Helianthm. 



only in a few species, and then inconstant, or else mere appendages or lateral 

 portions of the 2-paleaceous pappus. Juice of the stem resinous. Schkuhr, 

 Handb. t. 528; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 318; Beiith. & Hook. Gen. ii. 376, excl. 

 syn. of Flourensia in part. 



II. PAUCIFLORCS, Nutt. Gen. ii. 177, of "Lower Louisiana," with narrow serrate leaver, and 

 ovate closely imbricated bracts to the involucre, has not been identified. 



1. Annuals : involucre spreading ; its bracts attenuate to a point : disk 

 brownish or dark purple : receptacle flat or nearly so : leaves petioled, 3-ribbed 

 from or near the base, all but the lower usually alternate. 



# Stem erect, commonly robust: chaff}' bracts of the receptacle mostly 3-cleft at apex, the longer 

 middle lobe lanceolate or linear and somewhat hirsute or hispid. Species of difficult limitation, 

 apparently confluent. 



H. argopliyllus, TORR. & GRAY. White with soft and silky wool, which is sometimes 

 floccose, in age more or less deciduous : leaves slightly serrate : otherwise as iii the larger 

 indigenous forms of the following. Fl. ii. 318; Rev. Hort. 1857,431 with figure. -- Texas; 

 first coll. by Drummond. Disk often inch aud a half broad, and rays as long. Degenerates 

 in cultivation apparently into 



H. annuus, L. (COMMON SUNFLOWER.) Robust, when well developed tall, hispid, his- 

 pidulous, or scabrous : stem often spotted or mottled : leaves ovate and the lower cordate, 

 serrate, the larger 6 to 12 inches long, the blade of the cauline ones longer than their petiole : 

 bracts of the involucre from Lroadly ovate to oblong, aristiform-acumijiate, below hispidly 

 ciliate : disk in the wild plant commonly au inch or more in diameter. Spec. ii. 904 (excl. 

 habitat, for it came not from Peru, nor even from Mexico) ; Lain. 111. 706 ; Gray, Bot. Calif. 

 i. 353. //. lenticitlaris, Dougl. Bot. Reg. t. 1225; DC. Prodr. v. 586; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 

 H. tubcKformis^utt. Gen. ii. 177; Ind. Sem. Gcott. 139. H. ovatns, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 

 1828, & Linn. v. 376. //. eryihrocarpus, Bartl. //. macrocarpus, DC. Prodr. 1. c., a race of 

 the garden Sunflower with larger and light-colored akenes, long cult, in Roissia, &c., for food 

 and oil. //. mnltiflorus, Hook. Fl. i. 313, excl. syn. (For history, &c., see Decai.sne iu Fl. 

 des Serres, xxiii., aud Gray & Trumlmll in Am. Jour. Sci. ser. 3, xxiii. 245.) Plains and 

 alluvial grounds, Saskatchewan to Texas, and west to Washington Terr, aud California. 

 (Adj. Mex.) Fruit from early times collected by the N. American Indians for food and 

 hair-oil ; the plant cultivated for these uses. Gigautesque forms everywhere commonly 

 cultivated for ornament. 



H. petiolaris, NUTT. A foot to a yard high, more slender, loosely branching, strigose-his- 

 pidulous, rarely hirsute : leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, entire or sparingly 

 denticulate, barely acute, 1 to 3 inches long, cuneately attenuate or the lower abruptly cou- 

 tracted into a long and slender petiole : bracts of the involucre lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- 

 late, with acute and mucrouate or sometimes more attenuate tips, seldom at all ciliate : disk 

 half-inch or more in diameter. Jour. Acad. Philad. ii. 115; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Card. ser. 2, 

 t. 75 ; DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. //. jiatens, Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 1828, & Ind. Schol. 

 1828, 19. H. integrifolius, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 366. Dry plains, Saskatchewan 

 to Texas, west to Oregon and Arizona: seemingly passes into the preceding species. 



Var. canescens, GRAY, PI. Wright, i. 108. Leaves whitened with a fine and close 

 strigulose-sericeous pubescence ; the lowest ovate, all or most of them with blade longer 

 than the petiole. S. W. Texas and New Mexico; first coll. by Wright. A very similar 

 variety from Nebraska, //. Enydmann. 



* * Stem erect, not tall: chaffy bracts of the receptacle entire or with a pair of small lateral 

 teeth, and the apex prolonged into a naked cusp or awn: bracts of the involucre hirsute or 

 hispid with long spreading hairs, oblong or lanceolate, mostly attenuate-acuminate. 



H. SCaberri.rn.US, BENTII. A foot or two high : stem rather stout, branching, scabrous- 

 hispid : leaves from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, from rather coarsely serrate to entire, 2 to 5 

 inches long, the base cuneately or more abruptly contracted into the petiole, both faces either 

 slightly or strongly scabrous : disk about two-thirds inch in diameter, and rays of about 

 equal length : cusp of the chaff mostly subulate-aristiform and equalling the developed disk- 

 flowers. Bot. Sulph. 28, not Ell. //. Bolanderi, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 544, & Bot. 



