288 COMPOSITE. Verberina. 



broadly ovate to oblong, thickish, serrate, triplinerved : heads hemispherical, three-fourths 

 inch high: bracts of the involucre oval or obloug, obtuse, iu 2 or 3 series: rays about 12, 

 oval or oblong, sometimes inch long, rarely wanting : akeues obovate, smooth, with either 

 broad or narrow wings, and only minute callous teeth for pappus, or some of the inner with 

 short awns : receptacle low. Actinomeris Wrightii, Gray, PI. Fendl. 85, PI. Liudh. ii. 229; 

 Rothr. in Wheeler Rep. vi. 162, t. 8. Rocky ground, W. Texas to Arizona, Wriyht, 

 Thurbcr, &c. (Adj. Mex.) 



V. ^Varei, GRAY, 1. c. Scabrous, somewhat hispidulous : stem slender, a foot or two high, 

 simple, leafless at the peduncle-like summit, which bears one or two small heads : leaves 

 4 or 5 pairs, narrowly oblong, obtuse at both ends, obscurely serrulate, reticulate-veiny, lucid ; 

 the upper very small : bracts of the involucre oblong-lanceolate, shorter than tbe ovoid- 

 conical fruiting disk : " rays 3 or 4," small : akeues oblong, with narrow or rather broad 

 wings, connected by an obscure epigyuous border : pappus of 2 minute teeth or none. 

 Actinomeris pauciflora, Nutt. in Am. Jour. Sci. v. 301, & ( Achceta) Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 

 vii. 364 ; Torr. Gray, 1. c. But there is a F. pauciflora of Hemsley in Mexico. Florida, 

 in low pine barrens near the coast, Ware, Chapman. 



V. nudicaulis, GRAY, 1. c. Scabrous-hirsute and hispidulous, 2 or 3 feet high; the naked 

 summit of the stem or branches bearing a few mostly pedunculate small heads : leaves iu 

 numerous pairs, dull green, elliptical-oblong, obtuse at both euds or the apex acutish, acutely 

 and irregularly serrate, loosely pirmately veined : bracts of the involucre oblong-linear, short : 

 disk in fruit merely convex : rays 7 to 12, linear, an inch or more long, the head only 

 quarter-inch wide : wings of the akene often one or both wanting, sometimes rather conspic- 

 uous : pappus 2-aristellate or obsolete. Helianthus? aristatus, Ell. Sk. ii. 428. Actinomeris 

 nudicaulis, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Dry sandy woods, Georgia, 

 Alabama, and Florida. 



* * * Stems winged by decurrenee of the more or less broad sessile leaves. Leaves in our spe- 

 cies only pimiately-veined : stems 2 or 3 feet high, simple or with sparing (lowering branches. 



V. heteroph^lla, GRAY, 1. c. Hispidulous-scabrous, below somewhat hirsute : lower leaves 

 nearly all opposite, approximate, oblong or oval, obtuse, sometimes acute, minutely serrate 

 (1 to 3 inches long), indistinctly veiny, decurrent into wings ; those toward the naked sum- 

 mit and on the slender flowering brandies small, lanceolate, soon reduced to linear bracts : 

 heads somewhat paniculate, barely half-inch high in fruit, then with strongly convex disk : 

 bracts of the involucre barely in 2 series, small, lanceolate ; those of the receptacle very 

 similar, rigid: rays 5 to 10, linear: akenes obovate, narrowly winged, 2-aristellate. Acti- 

 nomeris heterophylla, Chapm. in Bot. Gazette, iii. 6. Dry pine barrens, E. Florida, Chapman, 

 Garber, Curtiss. Related to the preceding. 



V. hl.eliantlloid.6S, MICHX. Pubescent, stouter : stem usually winged up to the short pedun- 

 cles : leaves alternate, or rarely some of the lower opposite, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 

 acuminate, serrate, transversely veiny-scabrous above, cauescently soft-pubescent beneath, 

 at least when young : heads few, fully half-inch high ; the disk and receptacle at maturity 

 either strongly convex or conical : involucre of 2 or 3 series of erect lanceolate bracts : 

 ravs 8 to 15, inch or more long: akenes somewhat pubescent or scabrous, rather broadly 

 winged, 2-aristellate. Fl. ii. 134; Pursh, Fl. ii. 565. Actinomeris helianthoides, Nutt. Gen. 

 ii. 181 ; Ell. Sk. ii. 413; DC. Prodr. v. 575, & vii. 290 (vars. Nnttallii &, EiiioUii) ; Torr. & 

 Gray, I.e. A. oppositifolia, DC. Prodr. vii. I.e., not of Fresenius ? Prairies and open 

 woods, Ohio to Iowa, Georgia, and Texas ; first coll. by Michaux. 



3. XiMENfisiA. Heads (solitary or scattered) broad : involucre of spreading 

 linear and foliaceous equal bracts : disk and receptacle merely convex : rays 

 numerous and conspicuous, usually fertile : akenes flat ; the awns not hooked : 

 root annual. Ximenesia, Cav. 



V. encelioides, BENTII. & HOOK. A foot or two high, freely branching, pale and cinereous 

 or sometimes canescent with fine and soft appressed pubescence : leaves mostly alternate, 

 and the upper face green, from ovate or cordate to deltoid-lanceolate, variously serrate or 

 laciniate-dentate, some with nearly naked, most with winged petioles, and these commonly 

 with auriculate-dilated appendage at base: heads large, the disk three-fourths inch in diam- 

 eter: rays 12 to 15, inch long, deeply 3-cleft at summit: akenes obovate, mostly broadly 





