394 COMPOSITE. Senecio. 



nopus, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c. ; Torr & Gray, 1. c. ; a form with leaves deeply and 

 even doubly pinnatifid. Low ground, California, from Santa Barbara southward. (Lower 

 Calif.) 



S. multilobatus, TOUR. & GRAY. Early glabrate arid smooth, a foot or two high from a 

 winter-annual or biennial root, naked and often branching above, hearing numerous corym- 

 bosely cymose heads : radical and lower cauline leaves lyrate, and the divisions dentate ; 

 upper piniKitely parted, their mostly numerous divisions narrowly cuneate, incised or 2-3- 

 lobed at the apex : involucre 3 lines high, nearly or quite naked at base: rays 3 or 4 lines 

 long: akeues slightly hispidulous or glabrate. PL Fendl. 109, excl. var. pi. Coulter, which 

 is probably .S'. Douglasii S. Tampican/is, Gray, PL Wright, ii. 89, perhaps also i. 109. 

 S. aareus, var. m/iltilobntits, Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. c., partly. S. Utah, Arizona, and western 

 borders of Texas, Fremont, Wright, Palmer, &c. 



S. lobatus, PERS. (BUTTER-WEED.) Lightly floccose-tomentose wheu very young, early 

 glabrous, very smooth, soft-succulent or tender : stem fistulous, 1 to 3 feet high, sometimes 

 depauperate and slender, commonly branching, and bearing compound or paniculate cymes : 

 leaves lyrately parted or divided, irregular and variable ; divisions from roundish to cuneate 

 or obloug, obtusely siuuate-lobetl or toothed : involucre barely 3 lines high, nearly naked at 

 base : rays 6 to 12 : akenes minutely hispidnlous on some of the angles. Syu. ii. 436 ; Ell. 

 Sk. ii. 332 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. S. (i/ratns, Michx. Fl. ii. 120, not L., &c. S. (jlabellus, Poir. 

 Diet. vii. 102. S. Carolinianus, Spreng. Syst. iii. 559. S. Mississ/ppianus, DC. Prodr. vi. 427. 

 S. densiflorus, Martens, Bull. Acad. Brux. viii. 67. S. Sch<r<-i>iit-.i<tni<>>, Nutt. in Trans. Am. 

 Phil. Soc. vii. 411. S. imparipinnatus, Klatt in Naturf. Gesellsch. llalle. xv. Wet grounds, 

 in the low country, N. Carolina to Texas, common. (Adj. Mex.) 



# * Indigenous, of northern range : heads obviously radiate: akenes glabrous : pappus elongated. 



S. palustris, HOOK. Loosely woolly or villous with long and many-jointed hairs, iu age 

 sometimes glabrate : stem 6 to 20 inches high from an annual or biennial root, leafy, usually 

 stout : leaves broadly lanceolate, from sinuate-dentate to pinnatifid-laciuiate, cauline sessile 

 by a cordate or auriculate partly clasping base: heads crowded in a glomerate or corymbi- 

 form cyme, in flower only 4 lines long, and with short light-yellow rays, in fruit with pappus 

 half-inch or more long : involucre naked at base. Fl. i. 334 ; DC. Prodr. vi. 363 ; Torr. & 

 Gray, Fl. ii. 438. S. Kalmii, Less, in Linn. vi. 244, not Xutt., which is only a changed name 

 for Cineraria Canadensis, L. Cineraria palustris, L. Spec. ed. 2, 1243; Fl. Dan. t. 573; 

 Schkuhr, Ilanclb. t. 246. C. congesta, R. Br. in Parry, Voy., Richards., &c., only an arctic 

 and woolly condensed form, var. congestus, Hook. 1. c. Wet ground, N. Wisconsin, Iowa, 

 and Minnesota to the Arctic sea-coast, N. Alaska, &c. (N. Asia, EH.) 



* * * Naturalized annual weeds from Europe : rays none or minute. 



S. SYLvAricus, L. Slender, glabrate or somewhat pubescent, a span to a foot or more high : 

 leaves usually pinnatifid : heads 3 or 4 lines high, narrow, nearly naked at base, bearing a few 

 rays with inconspicuous ligule not surpassing the disk : akenes canescent. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 748 ; Fl. Dan. t. 869. Waste grounds, of sparing occurrence iu Nova Scotia and coast 

 of California. (Nat. from. Eu.) 



S. VULGARIS, L. (GROUNDSEL.) Stouter, more branchy and leafy to the top, glabrate : leaves 

 incisely pinnatifid, the oblong or roundish lobes and the sinuses sharply toothed : heads 

 thicker, 4 or 5 lines high : tips of the iuvolucral bracts and the short calyculate ones at base 

 blackish: rays none: akeues canescently puberulent. Engl. Bot. t. 747; Fl. Dan. t. 513; 

 Pursh, Fl. ii. 528. Waste grounds and cult, fields, not rare on both the Northern Atlantic 

 and Pacific coasts. (Nat. from Eu.) 



S. viscoses, L. Coarser, viscid-pubescent, strong-scented : leaves once or twice pinnatifid : 

 heads rather larger, more pedunculate : involucre sparingly and slenderly bracteolate at 

 base, its bracts not black-tipped : rays with inconspicuous ligule : akenes glabrous. Engl. 

 Bot. t. 32 ; Fl. Dan. t. 1230. Waste grounds on coast of New England, near Providence 

 and Boston. (Nat. from Eu.) 



193. C AC ALIA, L. INDIAN PLANTAIN. (Ancient Greek name of some 

 Senecioneous plant, perhaps Coltsfoot.) Perennial herbs, not fleshy (some 

 shrubby in the tropics), natives of America and Asia in the northern hemisphere, 



