Cnicus. COMPOSITE. 399 



dilated or margined mostly lacerate-fimbriate tips: corollas pale yellow; the lobes longer 

 than the throat: pappus of fine soft bristles, none of them obviously clavellate. Proc. Am. 

 Acad. x. 47; Rothrock in Wheeler Rep. vi. 180. Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Utah, 

 at about 8,000 feet; first coll. by Parr//. Appears to hybridize with C. eriocephalus, c. 

 C. remotif olius, GRAY, 1. c. Loosely arachnoid-woolly when young, 3 to 8 feet high : 

 leaves from sinuately to deeply pinnatifid, more or less whitened by the loose tomentum be- 

 ueath even in age : heads (inch and a half high) pedunculate, scattered, naked or nearly so 

 at base : involucre lightly arachnoid and glabrate ; the bracts attenuate, the outer into a 

 weak small prickle ; the inner or some of them with a scarious (from broadly subulate to 

 ovate-lanceolate) entire or sparingly lacerate tip : corolla ochroleucous, its lobes much 

 shorter than the throat : pappus of coarser bristles, the strongest with conspicuously clavel- 

 late tips. Cardans reinotifolius, Hook. Fl. i. 302. Cirsium remotifolium, DC. ; Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 460. C. stenolepidum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 419. Along streams, Colum- 

 bia River, from the Yakima district, Washington Terr., to the coast, and to Mendocino 

 Co., California. Here no. 559 Kellogg & liar ford (not " Hall & Harbour"), doubtfully re- 

 ferred to C. Americanus in Bot. Calif, i. 421, a form most approaching the latter species. 



-1 -f None of the involucral bracts with fimbriate or scarious-dilated tips, or obscurely so in the 

 first species. 



w- Proper bracts nearly all tipped with a slender acicular prickle, also somewhat viscidlv long- 

 woolly: leaves narrow, well armed with prickles: stum a foot or two high, leafy: pappus- 

 bristles not clavellate-tipped. Rocky-Mountain species. 



C. Hookerianus, GRAY, 1. c. Arachnoid white-woolly, hardly glabrate, stout : leaves pin- 

 natifid ; the short lobes rather distant, sparsely prickly ; base little or not at all decurrent : 

 heads few and sessile in a terminal cluster, or scattered, inch and a half high, somewhat 

 bracteose-leafy at base : proper bracts tapering from a broadish base into a rather rigid 

 subulate prickly point: corollas white or whitish. Cardans discolor, \ar.Jl. albis, Hook. Fl. 

 i. 302. Cirsium Hookerianum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 418. Upper wooded and 

 subalpiue region of the Rocky Mountains, north of lat. 48, Douglas, Bourgeau, &c. 



C. eriocephalus, GRAY, 1. c. Loosely arachnoid-woolly and partly glabrate, very leafy: 

 leaves pinuatifid into very numerous and crowded and numerously prickly short lobes, the 

 base decurrent on the stem into prickly wings: heads (inch long) several, sessile, and 

 crowded in a leaf-subtended at first nodding glomerule ; the subtending leaves and the in- 

 volucral bracts densely long-woolly (or the inmost bracts glabrous), all very slender-prickly : 

 corollas light yellow or yellowish. Cirsium criocephalum, Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 

 69; Eaton, Bot. King Exp. 196, excl. var. Alpine region of the Rocky Mountains, at the 

 head of Clear Creek and its tributaries ; first coll. by Parry. 



H- -H- Proper bracts of the involucre tapering into an almost innocuous weak and short prickle or 

 soft point: leaves green both sides, glabrate, mostly membranaceous, not decurrent on the 

 stem, except the lower of the last species. Pacific species, with middle-sized or small heads. 



C. edulis, GRAY, 1. c. Stem robust and somewhat succulent, 3 to 6 feet high, pubescent, 

 leafy to the top : leaves oblong or narrower, from slightly to deeply sinuate-pinuatifid, weakly 

 prickly-ciliate : heads (the larger inch and a half high) scattered or few in a cluster, usually 

 bracteose-leafy at base : involucre conspicuously arachnoid-woolly when young, partly gla- 

 brate in age : corollas dull purple or whitish ; the lobes much shorter than throat, filiform in 

 the dried state and capitellate-callous at apex ! Bot. Calif, i. 420. Cirsium, edule, Nutt. 

 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Low grounds, British Columbia to W. California. 



C. Hallii, GRAY. Glabrate and green : stem slender, 2 or 3 feet high, moderately leafy : 

 leaves pinnatifid, the lobes and teeth rather strongly prickly : heads solitary and pedunculate, 

 or 2 or 3 in a small terminal cluster (inch or more high), more or less bracteose-leafy at 

 base : involucre sparingly arachnoid when young, soon glabrate, the attenuate tips of all but 

 the outermost innocuous : corollas rose-purple, varying to white ; the lobes linear, plane, 

 obtuse. Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 56. Oregon, Hall (310, was referred to C. edulis), to S. 

 California (San Bernardino Co., Lepimon, &c.) and S. Utah, A/rs. Thompson. 



C. Kamtschaticus, MAXIM. Glabrate and green, leafy up to the naked and short-pedun- 

 culate (inch high) heads: leaves oblong-ovate or oval, from barely dentate to incisely pin- 

 natifid, 6 to 10 inches long, weakly prickly ; lower decurrent on the stem into narrow prickly 

 wings : iuvolucral bracts all attenuate-subulate from a narrow base, arachnoid-pubescent 



