426 COMPOSITE. Hieracium. 



Frcel. in DO. vii. 218, chiefly. StenotJieca venosa, Monnier, Ess. Hier. 72. Open pine 

 woods and sandy barrens, Canada arid Saskatchewan to Georgia and Kentucky. 

 H. Marianum, WILLD. Larger, 2 or 3 feet high, few-several-leaved, pilose-hirsute below, 

 branching at summit into a very open cymose panicle of several or numerous 20-43-flowered 

 heads : leaves obovate-oblong with tapering base ; radical erect or ascending, attenuate below 

 into petioles, rarely at all purplish-veiny : peduncles and pedicels commonly minutely whitish- 

 tomentulose, also usually the base of the involucre, at least when young, and beset with few 

 and sparse or more copious glandular bristles : akeues slender-columnar, with tapering sum- 

 mit when forming, but not so at maturity. Spec. iii. 1572, partly (& as to syn. 11. Marianum, 

 &c., Pluk. Mant. 102, t. 420, f. 2, whence the name); Frcel. in DC. Prodr. vii. 217. H. 

 Gronovii, var. subnudum, in part, & some of H. scabrum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 447. //. Caro- 

 linunmm, Fries, Symb. Hier. 145, & Epicr. 151. //. Rnrjelii, Arvet-Touvet, Spicil. Hier. 

 (1881), 11, by the char. Dry and open woods and clearings, New England to Penn. and 

 Georgia. Various forms almost fill the interval between the preceding and the following 

 species. 



-H- -H- -H- Heads 40-50-flowered, thickish (and the tumid-campanulate involucre 4 or 5 lines high), 

 on shorter and rather rigid spreading pedicels, and somewhat crowded in a convex or barely 

 flat-topped cyme: no rosulate tuft of radical leaves at flowering time. 



H. SCabrum, Micnx. Robust, 2 or 3 feet high, mostly leafy up to the inflorescence, hir- 

 sutely hispid below, glandular-hispid above: whole inflorescence and mostly base of invo- 

 lucre densely beset with dark glandular bristles and with some fine grayish tomentmn : 

 leaves obovate to spatulate-oblong, obtuse, denticulate, pubescent or hirsute, sessile by a 

 narrow base : akenes exactly columnar. Fl. ii. 86 ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 504 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 

 476; Fries, 1. c. //. Marianum, Willd. 1. c, in part (as to one specimen); Bigel. Fl. Bost. 

 ed. 2, 288; Ell. Sk. ii. 263. Dry open woods, Canada to Lake Superior, Missouri, and to 

 Georgia. 



4 -1 Akenes fusiform or with tapering summit: heads 15-30-flowered, on short and ascending 

 pedicels disposed in a narrow thyrsiform or almost virgate panicle: glandular-bristly hairs on 

 peduncles and cylindraceous involucre either scanty or numerous: radical leaves generally 

 present at flowering time, and destitute of colored veins, oblong-obovate, all more or less long- 

 pilose or setiferous, especially along the midrib beneath. 



H. Gronovii, L. Stem strict, 1 to 3 feet high, leafy (3-12-leaved) below, continued nearly 

 through the virgate or thyrsiform panicle : pubescence mainly soft-setose, the stronger bristles 

 from papilla;: cauline leaves oval or oblong, closely sessile mostly by a broad base; lowest 

 and radical obovate or spatulate with attenuate base or short petiole : involucre 3 or 4 lines 

 long, 1 5-20-flowered : akenes fusiform, with gradually tapering beak-like summit: pappus 

 dirty whitish. Spec. ii. 802, as to pi. Grouov. (excl. remarks and pi. herb., which are of 

 //. venosnm) ; Michx. Fl. (var. foliosum) ; Monnier, Ess. Hier. 30; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 677, 

 not of Willd., Fru'l. in DC., &c. //. Marianum, Fries, Symb. Hier. 147, & Epicr. 152, not 

 Willd., except perhaps in small part. Stcnotlura Mariana, Monnier, 1. c. 72? S. xubnuda, 

 Monnier, 1. c. t. 2, f. 5 ; depauperate form (var. sulmiuhim, Torr. & Gray), with narrow pani- 

 cle reduced to a few heads. //. Gronovii, var. hirsutissimunt, Torr. & Gray, 1. c., is the most 

 setose-hirsute form, with narrow panicle a foot or more long : and from that character, either 

 this or the next must be //. Pennsylvanicum, Fries, Symb. Hier. 150, & Epicr. 156; yet the 

 akenes described are like those of II. Mm-iinnun, Willd. Sandy ground, and open dry 

 woods, Canada? to Florida, Missouri, and Louisiana. 



H. longipilum, Tonn. Stouter, leafy to near the middle of the stem, and with linear- 

 lanceolate or subulate bracts up to the narrow panicle : pubescence mainly setose and most 

 abundant; the bristles from a small papilla, upright, commonly half-inch to even an inch 

 long, fulvous or rufous, denticulate : leaves spatulate-oblong or upper lanceolate, thickish, 

 the radical commonly present in a tuft at flowering time : involucre 5 or 6 lines long, 20-30- 

 flowered, oblong-campanulate, and with short peduncles more or less tomentulose as well 

 as glandular: akenes fusiform, but much less tapering upward than in the preceding: 

 pappus at maturity fuscous. Hook. Fl. i. 298 (note) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 477; Fries, 1. c. 

 H. barbatum, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 70, & Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 446, not Tausch. 

 Open woods and prairies, Michigan to Nebraska and Texas. 



Var. Spathulatum (Pilosclla spathulata, Schultz Bip. in Flora, 1862, conjectured by 

 the author to be a variety of Hieracium scabrum), collected on Tuscarora Mountain, in the 



