Prenanthes. COMPOSITE. 433 



1. N/BALUS, Enrll., with more contracted inflorescence, dull-colored flowers, 

 more nerved akenes (only in the last species tapering at summit), and stiffer 

 sordid pappus. (North American & North Asiatic.) Nabalus, Cass. Diet, xliii. 

 281 ; Hook. Fl. i. 293 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 480. ffarpalyce, Don, in Edinb. 

 Phil. Jour. vi. 305, not DC. Fl. late summer and autumn. 



* Heads 20-35-flowered, comparatively broad, corymbosely paniculate: leaves mostly wing- 

 petioled. 



P. crepiclinea, MICHX. Minutely pubescent or partly glabrous : stem stout, 5 to 9 feet high, 

 branching above, leafy up to the short branches of inflorescence : leaves ample, ovate-deltoid, 

 or radical hastate and uppermost oblong, acutely or laciniately dentate : involucre half to 

 two-thirds inch long, oblong-campanulate, sparsely hirsute: flowers ochroleucous : akenes 

 finely 12-15-costate, four or five of the ribs stronger: pappus sordid. Fl. ii. 84. liar paly ce 

 crepidinu, Don ex Steud. Ntibulus crcpidincus, DC. Prodr. vii. 241 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 483. 

 Rich soil, Peuu. and western borders of New York to Illinois and Kentucky ; first coll. by 

 Michuux, 



* * Heads 8-15-flowered, narrow, crowded or sometimes scattered in an elongated racemiform or 

 thyrsoid-virgate inflorescence which terminates the simple (1 to 5 feet high) stem : cauline 

 leaves sessile; radical and lower tapering into winged petioles, not cordate or deltoid ; all simply 

 pinnately veined: root usually fusiform-thickened or tuberous, simple or palmately branched. 



-) Thyrsus hirsute or pubescent: heads little or not at all drooping, on pedicels much shorter than 

 the involucre, 12-14-flowered: akenes at maturity about 15-nerved, somewhat angled by four or 

 five of the nerves being stronger: stems leafy up to the strict thyrsus: leaves ordinarily only 

 denticulate, lower spatulate-oblong to obovate. 



P. aspera, MICIIX. I.e. Minutely scabrous-pubescent or below puberulent : upper leaves 

 lanceolate, not clasping: thyrsus a foot or two long: involucre roughish-hirsute : flowers 

 yellowish cream-color. P. Illinoensis, Pers. Syn. ii. 36G ; Pursh, Fl. ii. 500. Chondrilla 

 Illinoensis, Poir. Suppl. ii. 331. Nabalus Illinoensis, DC. Prodr. vii. 242. N. asper, Torr. & 

 Gray, 1. c. Prairies and barrens, Ohio and Kentucky to Iowa and Louisiana; first coll. by 

 Michaux. 



P. racemosa, Micnx. 1. c. Leaves and stem glabrous and glaucous: upper cauline leaves 

 lanceolate to ovate, partly clasping, the broader ones by cordate or auriculate base: thyrsus 

 a span to 2 feet long: involucre rather loosely hirsute: flowers purplish. Harpabjce race- 

 mosa, Don ex Steud. ; Beck, Hot. 1G8. Nabalus racemosus, DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 

 Moist or low ground, N. Maine and Canada, also New Jersey, to Saskatchewan and the 

 Rocky Mountains, south to Colorado ; first coll. by Michaux. 



Var. pinnatiflda. Large: leaves all lyrately or laciniately pinnatifid. N. race- 

 mosiis, var., Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Ilackensack Marshes, New Jersey, Carey. 



-I -) Thyrsus and whole plant smooth and glabrous : heads pendulous and more pedicellate, in a 

 looser racemiform thyrsus, S-12-flowcrcd: akenes about 5-nerved or angled, the intermediate 

 nerves obscure. 



P. Mainensis. About two feet high, leafy up to and into the panicle : leaves nearly those 

 of P. racemosa, but thinner and less glaucous ; the radical ovate, commonly with abrupt or 

 rounded base ; upper subtending clusters of the interrupted narrow thyrsus : heads all droop- 

 ing both before and after anthesis, resembling those of the following species. Shore of the 

 St. John's River, at St. Francis, N. Maine, Priiir/le. Growing with or near P. racemosa. 

 And a looser form of the latter, "very common on the St. John's River," Coodalc, is some- 

 what between the two; so that this may be a hybrid of P. racemosa with P. scrpcntaria. 



P. virgata, MICIIX. 1. c. Glaucescent, very smooth, 2 to 4 feet high, very strict: radical 

 and lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, deeply sinuate-pinnatifid or pinnately parted, and divis- 

 ions sometimes lobed or few-toothed ; upper not clasping, decreasing to linear-lanceolate- 

 and entire, and to small subulate bracts of the naked and slender (1 or 2 feet long) race- 

 miform inflorescence: flowers whitish or pale flesh-color: pappus sordid-stramineous. 

 Willd. Spec. iii. 1533; Pursh, 1. c. ; Ell. 8k. ii. 258. P. autumnal is, &c., Gronov. Fl. Virg. ; 

 Walt. Car. 193. P. simplex. Pursh, 1. c. llnrpali/ce virgata, Don ex Steud.; Beck, 1. c. 

 Nabalus vlrnatus, DC. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Moist ground in pine barrens, New Jersey 

 to Florida, in the low country. 



28 



