SCROPHULARIACE^E. 245 



either with or without all four stamens present ; sometimes the corolla is nearly 

 or quite regular, and even with all five stamens present and complete (uniformly 

 so in Verbascum, abnormally in several species of Pentstemon} ; and the ovules 

 are sometimes few and definite, rarely solitary. The posterior or superior stamen 

 is the deficient or abortive one. Corolla wanting in one Synthyris. Style one 

 and undivided : stigma either entire, or 2-lobed, or bilamellar (bilabiate) ; its lobes 

 and the cells of the ovary anterior and posterior. Seeds comparatively small, 

 rarely winged. -=- This large order has its tribes arranged by Bentham and Hooker 

 (Gen. ii. 915) under three series, hardly to be regarded as suborders, the first of 

 which closely connects with the preceding order, except as to inflorescence. The 

 ambiguous SalpiglossidecB are referred to that order. 



I. (PsEunosoLANE^E.) Leaves all alternate. Inflorescence simply centri- 

 petal. Corolla hardly if at all bilabiate ; the 2 posterior lobes external in the 

 bud. All five stamens sometimes present and perfect. 



TRIBE I. LEUCOPHYLLE^E. Corolla campanulate or short- funnelform ; the lobes 

 plane or merely concave. 



1. LEUCOPHYLLUM. Calyx short, 5-partecl ; the lobes nearly valvate. Corolla with 

 5 rounded and spreading nearly equal lobes. Stamens 4 and didynamous, or rarely 5 and 

 the fifth imperfect, included : anthers with cells confluent at the apex, at length divari- 

 cate. Stigma emarginate or bilamellar. Capsule 2-valved, and the valves at length 2- 

 cleft. Tomentose shrubs. 



TRIBE II. VERBASCEJD. Corolla rotate, with hardly any tube. Anthers by con- 

 fluence 1-celled. (None indigenous to America.) 



2. VERBASCUM. Stamens 5, all with anthers ; all or the three superior filaments 

 woolly-bearded. Style flattened and dilated at apex. Capsule globular or oblong, septi- 

 cidally 2-valved ; the valves 2-clef t at apex. Seeds very numerous, rugose. 



II. (ANTIRRHINIDE^E.) Leaves prevailingly opposite, at least the lower. In- 

 florescence when simple centripetal, when compound the partial centrifugal ; i. e. 

 the peduncle cymosely few-several-flowered. Upper lip or lobes of the corolla 

 external in the bud, with a few occasional and irregular exceptions. Fertile 

 stamens very seldom more than four. 



TRIBE III. ANTIRRHINEyE. Corolla bilabiate and more or less tubular; the base 

 of the tube gibbous or saccate or spurred on the lower side, and the lower lip often 

 with an intrusion (palate) at the throat. Capsule opening by irregular perforations 

 or lacerate chinks, not by normal valves, many-seeded. Inflorescence simple and 

 racemose, or the flowers solitary and axillary. 



* Stamens 4, with more or less 2-celled fertile anthers. 



3. LINARIA. Corolla with a spur at base (this rarely abortive) and a prominent palate 

 nearly closing the throat. In the occasional monstrosity called Peloria, the corolla be- 

 comes regular by the production of 5 spurs and 5 regular short lobes. 



4. ANTIRRHINUM. Corolla merely saccate or gibbous at base, otherwise nearly as 

 Linaria, or the palate in some species much less prominent. Seeds destitute of any proper 

 wing. 



5. MAURANDIA. Corolla barely gibbous at base, nearly funnelform, ringent, with two 

 longitudinal and commonly bearded intruded lines or plaits instead of palate. Capsule 

 equal or hardly oblique. Seeds winged or wingless. 



* * Antheriferous stamens only 2 (the anterior pair) ; the posterior reduced to small 

 abortive filaments. 



6. MOHAVEA. Corolla with short tube merely gibbous at base, and very ample bilabiate 

 but somewhat campanulate-erect limb; the lips obovate-dilated or fan-shaped, the upper 

 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed and bearing a prominent but comparatively small palate, bearded 

 down its middle ; lobes all broad, erose-denticulate, and abruptly short-acuminate. An- 

 thers of the two fertile stamens one-celled by confluence. Style slender and straight : 



