SCROPHULARIACEJ2. 249 



TKIBE VIII. EUPHRASIES. Corolla manifestly bilabiate; the upper lip erect and 

 concave or galeate, entire or emarginate, rarely 2-cleft; the lower 3-cleft, mostly 

 spreading, external in the bud. Stamens 4 and didynamous, or rarely 2, ascending 

 under the upper lip: anther-cells distinct, sometimes one abortive or wanting. 

 Style mostly filiform and stigma entire, rarely 2-lobed. Capsule loculicidal. Leafy 

 herbs, not rarely drying blackish; these partially root- parasitic. 

 * Ovules and usually the seeds numerous. 



J Anther-cells unequal or dissimilar ; the outer one affixed by its middle ; the other pend- 

 ulous from its upper end, mostly smaller, sometimes sterile or deficient : seeds with a 

 loose reticulated coat : leaves alternate or only the lowest opposite. 



30. CASTILLEIA. Calyx tubular, laterally flattened, more or less cleft anteriorly or 

 posteriorly or both ; the lobes entire or 2-cleft. Corolla tubular, more or less laterally 

 compressed, especially the elongated and concluplicate or carinate-concave and entire 

 upper lip (galea); lower lip short and small, often very small, o-toothed, 3-carinate or 

 somewhat saccate below the short teeth ; the tube usually enclosed in the calyx. Sta- 

 mens 4, all with 2-celled anthers. 



31. ORTHOCARPUS. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 4-cleft, or cleft anteriorly and pos- 

 teriorly and the divisions 2-cleft or parted. Corolla mostly with slender tube ; upper lip 

 (galea) little longer and usually much narrower than the inflated 1-3-saccate lower one. 

 Stamens 4 ; the smaller anther-cell sometimes wanting. 



32. CORDYLANTHUS. Calyx spathaceous, diphyllous (anterior and posterior), or by the 

 absence of the anterior division monophyllous. Corolla tubular, with lips commonly of 

 equal length; the upper (galea) nearly as in Orthocarpas ; the lower 3-crenulate or entire. 

 Stamens of Orthocarpus, or sometimes the shorter pair wanting : anther-cells either ciliate 

 or minutely bearded at base and apex. Style hooked at tip and somewhat thickened 

 under the stigma. Seeds mostly few. 



H -i Anther-cells equal, parallel and alike in all 4 stamens. 

 H- Flower 2-bracteolate under the calyx. 



33. SCHWALBEA. Calyx tubular, 10-12-ribbed, oblique, 5-toothed ; the posterior tooth 

 much smaller; the 2 anterior united higher. Corolla with cylindraceous tube and lips of 

 almost equal length ; the upper erect and galeate, oblong, entire ;. lower erect-spreading, 

 2-plicate at base, obtusely 3-lobed at summit. Stamens slightly didynamous : anthers 

 oblong; the cells barely mucronulate at base. Seeds linear, with a loose hyaline coat, 

 including a small nucleus. 



H- -H- Flowers ebracteolate. 



34. EUPHRASIA. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 4-cleft, and rarely with a fifth small 

 posterior lobe. Corolla with dilated throat ; upper lip erect, barely concave, 2-lobed, 

 and the sides folded back ; lower larger, 3-lobed, spreading ; its lobes obtuse or emargi- 

 nate. Anther-cells mucronate at base. Seeds numerous, pendulous, oblong, longitudi- 

 nally silicate. Leaves opposite. 



35. BARTSIA. Calyx equally 4-cleft. Corolla with upper lip entire and sides not folded 

 back. Seeds silicate and with salient or alate ribs. Otherwise much as Enphrasia. 



36. PEDICULARIS. Calyx various, clef t anteriorly and sometimes posteriorly. Corolla 

 with cylindraceous tube and narrow throat, strongly bilabiate ; upper lip (galea) com- 

 pressed laterally, fornicate or conduplicate ; lower erect at base, 2-cristate above, 3-lobed ; 

 the lobes spreading or reflexed, the middle one smaller. Anthers transverse, approxi- 

 mate in pairs. Capsule compressed and often oblique or falcate, rostrate. Seeds nu- 

 merous, various. Leaves mainly alternate or verticillate. 



37. RHINANTHUS. Calyx ventricose-compressed, 4-toothed, inflated in fruit. Corolla 

 with cylindraceous tube ; galeate upper lip ovate, obtuse, compressed, entire at the apex, 

 but with a minute tooth on each side below it ; lower lip shorter, with 3 spreading 

 lobes. Anthers approximate in pairs, transverse, pilose, muticous. Capsule orbicular, 

 compressed. Seeds few in each cell, orbicular, wing-margined. Leaves opposite. 



* * Ovules only two in each cell, one sessile and ascending, the other stipitate and later- 

 ally attached : flowers ebracteolate : leaves opposite : flowers in our species scattered. 



38. MELAMPYRUM. Calyx campanulate or short-tubular, 4-toothed; the teeth usually 

 setaceous-acuminate, the posterior larger. Corolla with cylindraceous tube, enlarging at 

 throat : galeate upper lip erect, compressed, obtuse, and with narrow replicate margins or 

 a tooth to each ; lower rather longer, erect-spreading, biconvex below, 3-lobed at apex. 

 Stamens 4 : anthers approximate in pairs, nearly vertical ; the cells equal and parallel, 

 mucronulate at base. Capsule compressed, oblique or falcate : cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds 

 smooth, strophiolate. 



