36 RUBIACRffl. Galium. 



G. AXGLICUM, HUBS. Annual, slender, diffuse, seldom a foot high, glahrous : leaves 5 to 7 

 in the whorls, oblauceolate to nearly linear (quarter-inch long), minutely spinulose-scabrous 

 011 margins and angles of stem : flowers rather few, cymulose on leafy branches, greenish- 

 white, very small : fruit glabrous, but more or less tuberculate-graiiulate. G. Parisiense, L. 

 var. Auijlicum, Hook. & Arn. Brit. Fl. &c. Roadsides in dry soil, Bedford Co., Virginia, 

 A. II. Cnrtiss. (Nat. from Eu.) 



G. TRiconxE, WITH. Annual, resembling G. Aparine, rather stout, with simple branches, 

 spreading or procumbent : leaves 6 or 8 in the whorls, oblauceolate, cuspidate-mncronate 

 (inch or less long), retrorsely prickly-hispid on margins, as also on angles of stem: flowers 

 usually only 3 in the umbelliform cymules, dull white : fruits comparatively large, tubercu- 

 late-granulate, not hairy, hanging on recurved stout pedicels (likened to the three balls of a 

 pawnbroker's shop). Rare in waste or cult, fields eastward. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. Indigenous species : fruit dry. 



* Annuals: fruit more or less uncinately hispidulous or hirsute, in. one species sometimes naked: 

 flowers hermaphrodite: corolla white or whitish. 



H- Coarse, reclining: leaves 6 to 8 in the whorls. 



G. Aparine, !>. (CLEAVERS, GOOSE-GRASS.) Stems 1 to 4 feet long, retrorsely aculeolate- 

 hispid on the angles, as also on the margins and midrib of the oblanceolate or almost linear 

 cuspidate-acuminate leaves : peduncles rather long, 1 to 3 in upper axils or terminal, bearing 

 either solitary or 2 or 3 pedicellate flowers : fruit not pendulous, rather large, grauulate- 

 tuberculute and the tubercles tipped with bristles. Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 1597. Shaded 

 grounds, Canada to Texas, and Aleutian Islands to California; eastward mainly as an intro- 

 duced plant, or appearing so. (Eu., Asia.) 



Var. Vaillantii, KOCH. Smaller, more slender : leaves seldom inch long : flowers 

 usually more numerous: fruit smaller (carpels when dry only a line or so in diameter), hir- 

 sute or hispidulous. Fl. Germ. ed. 1, 330. G. Aparine, var. minor, Hook. Fl. i. 290. G. 

 Vaillantii, DC. Fl. Fr. iv. 20'5. Texas to California, Montana, and Brit. Columbia ; certainly 

 indigenous: perhaps so in Canada, &c. (Eu.) 



-I J r- Small and low, more erect : leaves mostly 4 in the whorls. 



H- Flowers on solitary naked peduncles. 



G. bifolium, WATSON. Smooth and glabrous, a span or two high, sparingly branched 

 slender: leaves oblanceolate to nearly linear, four in the whorls (larger half-inch long), the 

 alternate ones smaller, or uppermost nearly reduced to a single pair: fructiferous peduncles 

 about the length of the leaves, horizontal, and the minutely hispidnlous fruit decurved on 

 the naked tip. Bot. King Exp. 134, t. 14. Mountains of Utah, Nevada, and S. Montana, 

 Watson. W. Colorado, Brandegee, and Sierra Nevada, California. 



G. Texense, GRAY. Hispidulous-hirsute or upper part of stem glahrous, weak and slender, 

 a foot or less high : leaves broadly oval, equal, in fours, thin, one-nerved (only 3 or 4 lines 

 long), the sides and margins equally beset with straight bristly hairs: peduncles terminal 

 and 1 -flowered ; the primordial ones naked and filiform, 4 to 10 lines long; single axils 

 proliferous into a similar shoot which bears an unequally 4-leaved small whorl and a short 

 pr-duncle or pedicel: bristles of the fruit much shorter than the carpels, barely imciuulate. 

 Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 80. G. Californicum, var. Texanum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 20. G. un- 

 cinulatum, Gray, PI. Liudh. ii. 215 "? probably not DC., nor G. obstipum, Schlecht., which are 

 perhaps perennial and have a different inflorescence, but are nearly allied. Hills and river- 

 banks, Texas, Drummond (immature), Lindheimer, Wriijht, Hall, Keren-lion. 



-H- -H- Flowers and fruit solitary and sessile between a pair of bracteal leaves which resemble the 

 cauline ones: stem and leaves hispidulous, or sometimes nearly glabrous. 



G. virgatum, NUTT. A span or two high, simple or with simple and strict branches from 

 the base : leaves oblong-linear or oblong, thickish, 2 or 3 lines long; most of the axils flo- 

 riferous : peduncles exceedingly short, reflexed in fruit, not proliferous: carpels copiously 

 unciuate-hispid, shorter than the arrect bracteal leaves, which often appear as if belonging 

 to the whorl itself. Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 20 ; Gray, PI. Lindh. ii. 215. G. Texanum, Scheele 

 in Linn. xxi. 597, badly described. Naked prairies of Arkansas, W. Louisiana, and Texas, 

 first coll. by Nuttall. 



Var. leiocarpum, TORR. & GRAY, 1. c. Fruit quite smooth and glabrous : herbage 

 commonly almost so. With the ordinary form. 



