54 COMPOSITE. 



this surrounded at base by a series of minute short bristles or squamellce ; these sometimes 

 inconspicuous or obsolete. (One or two species of Er'njeron with ochroleucous aud even 

 yellow rays may be sought here.) 



* * * * * Pappus multipaleolate or aristate rather than capillary-setose : involucre sub- 

 globose or hemispherical, of very broad bracts, all or inner ones scarious-margined ; re- 

 ceptacle alveolate-fimbrillate ; tlie fimbrillce little shorter than the akeues. 



23. ACAMPTOPAPPUS. Heads 12-3G-flowered, discoid or radiate : flowers all fertile. 

 Bracts of the involucre chartaceo-coriaceous, round-oval or broadly oblong and concave, 

 bordered by an erose-fimbriate thiu-scariuus margin, closely imbricated in about 3 series. 

 Disk-corollas funnelform. Style-branches tipped with a thickish subulate appendage. 

 Akenes globnlar-turbinate. very densely long-villous and at length tomeutose, 5-uerved 

 under the wool. Pappus hardly longer than the akene, equalling the corolla, of 15 to 18 

 flattened and rigid paleaceous awns, the tips of which are mostly a little dilated, and of as 

 manv shorter unequal setiform awns or bristles, persistent. 



29. XANTHISMA. Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the flowers all fertile. Bracts of the 

 involucre closely imbricated and appressed, mainly ovate or obovate, with short coriaceous 

 base and herbaceous upper portion, more or less scarious-margined; some smaller inner 

 ones. Disk-corollas narrowly funnelform. Style-branches tipped with a filiform-subulate 

 appendage. Akeues turbiuate, 4-5-costate-angled, and with intermediate less conspicuous 

 ribs, sericeous-pubescent. Pappus paleaceous-ari state, persistent, composed of 10 or 12 rigid 

 bristles which are minutely scabrous above, gradually paleaceous-dilated towards the' base, 

 and longer than the disk-corolla, as many more one-half shorter, and usually 5 still smaller 

 and shorter external ones. 



****** Pappus capillary-multisetose aud mostly alike in all the flowers, simple, 

 consisting of numerous capillary scabrous bristles in one or more series : receptacle more 

 or less alveolate and the alveoli often dentate. 



-) Disk-corollas 5-toothed or 5-lobed, the lobes from ovate to oblong or narrower : flowers 

 yellow, with rare exceptions : style-appendages from ovate-lanceolate to filiform. 



27. CHRYSOPSIS. Species with outer pappus obscure or wanting would be sought here. 



30. APLOPAPPUS. Heads usuallv many-flowered, radiate, rarely discoid, or with infer- 

 tile rays. Disk-corollas narrow, 5-toothed. Involucre usually (but not always) broad; the 

 bracts with or without herbaceous tips. Akeues from turbiuate to linear. 



31. BIGELOVIA. Heads 3-30-flowered, destitute of rays, small. Involucre narrow; the 

 bracts chartaceous or coriaceous, mostly destitute of foliaceous or herbaceous tips. Akeues 

 narrow, terete or angled, hardly compressed, mostly at least 5-uerved. Pappus of somewhat 

 equal bristles. Inflorescence not racemiform. 



32. SOLIDAGO. Heads few- or several-, rarely many-flowered, mostly radiate, small, com- 

 monly in racemiform or spiciform clusters, sometimes fastigiate-cymose or in a thyrsus. 

 Involucre narrow; its bracts mostly not herbaceous-tipped. Akenes terete or angulate, 5-12- 

 nervecl or costate. Pappus of equal elongated bristles. Leaves not cordate. 



33. BRACHYCHJETA. Heads (very small) and flowers of Solidayo. Pappus of mere 

 rudimentary bristles, shorter than the akene. Lower and radical leaves cordate. 



H i Disk-corollas with limb 5-parted into long and narrow lobes, in the same genus either 



yellow, white, or violet-purple : no true rays : style-tips comose-bearded. 



34. LESSINGIA. Heads homogamous, 5-25-flowered : flowers all perfect. Corollas with 

 slender tube divided into long and narrow lobes ; the marginal ones sometimes larger and with 

 a deeper cleft on the inner side, somewhat imitating a palmate ligule. Involucre campanulate 

 or turbiuate : its bracts well imbricated and appressed, mostly with herbaceous tips. Recep- 

 tacle flat, alveolate. Anthers included, tipped with a slender-subulate appendage. Style- 

 branches tipped with a very short and obtuse or truncate densely hispid appendage, which 

 usually bears either a setiform cusp among the tufted bristles, or a more conspicuous subu- 

 late prolongation. Akenes turliinate or cuneiform, silky-villous, 2-5-nerved. Pappus of 

 numerous or fewer unequal rigid and scabrous and sometimes awn-like bristles. 



Subtribe II. HETEROCHROME.E. Disk of hermaphrodite and mostly fertile flowers ; 

 their corolla yellow, or rarely cream-color, sometimes changing to purple ; the ray not 



