58 COMPOSITE. 



truncate. Akenes (with one or two exceptions) smooth and even, small and seed- 

 like, the very thin pericarp destitute of nerves or other markings, conformed to the 

 seed and sometimes connate with the simple seed-coat, or evanescent. Low and floc- 

 cose-woolly annuals. (Characterized to the exclusion of three outlying Indo-African 

 genera.) 



* Akenes gibbous, so that the corolla- and style-bearing true apex is introrsely lateral, 

 enclosed in the compressed and cucullate mostly indurating bracts or chaff. 



54. MICROPUS. Heads several- but hardly many-flowered ; female flowers in one or two 

 series on a small and rarely somewhat elevated receptacle, each enclosed (all but the style) in 

 a conduplicate cucullate herbaceous lauatc bract or chaff, only the tip of which is scarious- 

 appendiculate ; the few hermaphrodite-sterile ones in the centre mostly naked. Involucre 

 outside of the flower-bearing bracts scanty and scarious. Ovary and akeue obovate, later- 

 ally compressed, destitute of pappus, remaining enclosed in the usually indurating laterally 

 compressed fructiferous bracts, which sooner or later fall awav. Pappus of the sterile 

 flowers none, or rarely a few caducous bristles. 



* * Akenes (straight or slightly curved) with the minute epigynons disk at the summit. 

 -f Female flowers all bracteate and all destitute of pappus ; 



H- The fructiferous bracts enclosing the akenes and deciduous with them, tipped ^with a 

 hyaline appendage. 



55. STYLOCLIISTE. Heads ovoid; the boat-shaped fructiferous bracts borne on a slender 

 column or receptacle, their erect hyaline tips usually conspicuous, the involute or saccate- 

 conduplicate body or base embracing the obovate or oblong more or less compressed akene : 

 those subtending the 4 or 5 central hermaphrodite-sterile flowers barely concave or plane. 

 Pappus of the latter flowers a very few caducous bristles or none. 



56. PSILOCARPHUS. Heads globose ; the numerous fructiferous bracts heaped on the 

 globular or oval receptacle, cucullate-saccate and utricular, half-obovate or hali'-obcordate in 

 outline, very rounded at top, herbaceo-membranaceous, the apex introrso, and the ovate or 

 oblong hyaline appendage inflexed or porrect, or sometimes erect. Akene loose in the com- 

 paratively ample utricular bract, oblong or narrower, straight, slightly compressed. No 

 bracts and no pappus to the few hermaphrodite-sterile flowers. Leaves mainly opposite ! 



-H- -H- Fructiferous bracts open and merely subtending the (usually numerous) akenes. 



57. EVAX. Akenes from obcompressed to terete, sometimes minutely papillose or puberu- 

 lent. Bracts of the female flowers from scarious to firm-chartaceous, not hyaline-appendaged. 

 Hermaphrodite flowers sometimes fertile, destitute of pappus. Receptacle from barely con- 

 vex to subulate. 



i -i Female flowers more or less of two kinds : the upper ones surrounding the her- 

 maphrodites and like them with a capillary pappus ; the others destitute of pappus. 



58. FIL AGO. Receptacle from subulate to obconical or hemispherical ; its naked summit or 

 centre bearing several or somewhat numerous commonly fertile flowers, which are all pro- 

 vided with a pappus of rather copious capillary bristles ; the few central ones hermaphrodite, 

 the others female; the cluster subtended by open scarious bracts ; the sides or base of the 

 receptacle bearing several or numerous female flowers, each subtended or its calvous akene 

 loosely enclosed by a concave or boat-shaped bract. Akenes terete or obscurely compressed, 

 sometimes ronghish-papillose. 



Subtribe III. GNAPHALIE^E (Verse). Heads discoid, heterogamous and androgynous or 

 dioeciously hornogamous ; the hermaphrodite or staminate flowers when in the same 

 head much fewer than the female ; the latter with filiform-tubular corolla shorter 

 than the style ; the former with style or style-branches mostly truncate ; all usually 

 with capillary pappus. No bracts or chaff on the receptacle : bracts of the involucre 

 numerous, more or less scarious, or with scarious and often colored or petaloid sum- 

 mits. Anther-tails slender. Ours floccose-woolly herbs, with alternate leaves. 



59. ANTENNARIA. Heads dioecious, many-flowered. Involucre pluriserially imbricated. 

 Receptacle convex or flattish. Male flowers with mostly undivided style and a rather scanty 

 pappus of clavellate or apically barbellulate or crisped bristles. Female flowers with oblong 



