74 COMPOSITE. 



thin, half or more scarious-petaloid, plane ; commonly one or more accessory outer bracts. 

 Ray-flowers 6 to 10 and with oblong exserted ligule 3-cleft at the apex, or none. Disk- 

 corollas with narrow tube and lobes, one or two of the sinuses a little deeper than the others. 

 Style-branches flattish, with subcapitate tips, with or without a central cusp. Akenes 4-5- 

 angled, tapering from broad summit to attenuate base. Pappus about the length of the 

 akene, of 12 to 20 narrow lanceolate hyaline paleze, traversed by a strong costa which is 

 exeurrent into a seal irons awn. 



148. HYMENOPAPPUS. Involucre broadly campanulate; its bracts 6 to 12, equal, obo- 

 vate to broadly oblong, thin, the rounded summit and usually the margins scarious-colored 

 or petaloid. Ray-flowers none. Disk-flowers numerous, all alike. Corolla with narrow 

 tube, abruptly dilated throat, and ovate reflexed or widely spreading lobes. Style-branches 

 with short and thick conical appendages. Akenes obpyramidal, 4-5-augled, with attenuate 

 base, the faces 1-3-nerved ; the nerves at maturity sometimes as prominent as the angles, 

 except in one species. Pappus of 10 to 20 thiii-scarious and mostly hyaline obtuse palea?, with 

 or without a costa or central opacity, sometimes very short and small or quite obsolete. 



149. FLORESTINA. Involucre turbinate-campanulate, 15-25-flowered; its bracts 6 to 8 

 in a single series, equal, obovate-spatnlate, thin-herbaceous, with scarious-colored (whitish or 

 purplish) rounded tips. Ray-flowers none. Disk-flowers with corolla widely dilated above 

 the short narrow tube, deeply 5-cleft into oblong spreading lobes. Style-branches terminated 

 by a rather long attenuate-subulate hispid appendage. Akenes narrowly obpyramidal, 4-5- 

 angled, pubescent. Pappus of 6 to 8 obovate pointless paleaj, hyaline-scarious from a callous 

 thickened narrow base or axis. 



150. POLYPTERIS. Involucre from broadly campanulate to tnrbinate; its bracts from 

 spatulate to linear-lanceolate, commonly in two series and equal, rarely with some accessory 

 shorter ones, the tips or (in the original species) a larger portion membrauaceous and col- 

 ored or petaloid. Rays iii one species distinctly evolute into a palmate ligule and fertile; 

 in the others wanting. Corolla of the disk-flowers with filiform tube abruptly dilated into 

 a 5-parted limb, the long lobes lorate-linear. Stamens wholly exserted. Style-branches fili- 

 form, wholly hispidulous, acutish or barely obtuse. Akenes from linear and downwardly 

 attenuate to elavate-obpyramidal, 4-sided, only minutely pubescent. Pappus of 6 to 12 equal 

 pak>:v, with a strong percurrent costa, otherwise hyaline-scarious, rarely abortive or wanting; 

 in the outermost flowers usually shorter. 



H 1 1 4 -i Involucre many- (or 12-30-) flowered; its bracts linear (rarely broader), 



erect, equal and similar in a single or hardly in two series, herbaceous to the tip, inclined 

 to embrace subtended akenes : receptacle flat, mostly small : akeues slender, linear-te- 

 tragonal or more compressed, merely pubescent : head discoid (rarely an inconspicuous 

 ligule) : corollas with short lobes or teeth and long throat : leaves alternate. 



H- Leaves simple, entire : flowers never yellow. 



151. PALAFOXIA. Heads homogamous and flowers all alike, except in the pappus. In- 

 volucre oblong or campauulate. Corolla with tube and narrow lobes shorter than the cylin- 

 draceous throat. Style-branches elongated, filiform and obtuse or obscurely thickened 

 toward the summit, puberulent for the whole length (altogether of the Eupatoriaceous type, 

 but the stigmatic lines traceable nearly to the apex). Pappus of 4 to 8 usually unequal 

 palere, with strong costa. 



152. RIGIOPAPPUS. Heads heterogamous, inconspicuously radiate. Involucre turbi- 

 nate-campanulate, of numerous narrowly linear rather rigid herbaceous bracts, which are 

 somewhat involute at maturity. Ray-flowers 5 to 15; the corolla with slender tube, and 

 oblong entire or 2-toothed ligule, not surpassing the disk. Disk-flowers more numerous ; 

 corolla small, with short proper tube, elongated narrow throat, and 3 to 5 short erect teeth. 

 Anthers included. Style-branches with short and linear glabrous stigmatic portion, and a 

 larger slender-subulate hispidulous appendage. Pappus nearly similar in disk and ray, of 

 3 to 5 rigid and wholly opaque paleaceous naked awns (smooth, flat, gradually tapering from 

 base to apex), rarely obsolete. 



H- -H. Leaves mostly cleft or compound : flowers in some species yellow. 



153. CH.3NACTIS. Heads homogamous and tubuliflorous ; but the marginal flowers 

 commonly with ampliate limb to the corolla. Involucre campauulate or hemispherical 



