COMPOSITE. 7.", 



Receptacle flat, naked, in one species bearing a few sotiforni bracts or fimbrilb' amoi,"- the 

 flowers. Corollas with short tube, long and narrow throat, and short teeth, ot in the i 

 ginal flowers of some species with larger lobes or even in, perfect palm;,!,- ligules, forming a 

 kind of ray. Anthers usually partly exserted. Style-branches pubescent nearlj : bronghoul 

 slender, filiform or with attenuate-subulate tips. J'appus <>f hyaline nerveless palea; (or 

 rarely with the vestige of a costa), in one species wanting. 



H- -t- -i- -i- -i- H- Involucre many-flowered, hemispherical; its bracts in 2 or 3 series. 

 thin-herbaceous, rather loose, sometimes unequal, from linear t.. ..hh.ng. j.hme : receptacle 

 flat, corneous-scrobiculate : disk-corollas with long and narrow throat and :> >h,,r; i 

 or teeth: style-branches with short and thickened obtuse tips: al-enes linear da-, ate or 

 cuneate-oblong, villous : pappus of 4 or 5 wholly hyaline palerc ; those erase r lacerate at 

 summit, or dissected into capillary bristles : leaves mostly alternate, woolly or glain-.-u.-. 



154. HULSEA. Bracts of the involucre linear or lanceolate. Ray-flowers numerous (10 

 to GO) and ligulate, but sometimes short and inconspicuous. Disk-con .lias with pn.per tube 

 slender or narrow, but shorter than the cylindraceous throat. Akenes linear-cuneate, com- 

 pressed or somewhat tetragonal, soft-villous, especially the margins. Pappus of mostlv 4 

 truncate palea;, from erose or lacerate at summit to nearly entire. 



155. TRICHOPTILIUM. Bracts of the involucre about 20, equal; those of the outer 

 series ovate-lanceolate ; those of the inner narrowly spatulate or lanceolate and membra,, a 

 ceous. Ray-flowers none. Disk-flowers 30 to 40; tire corollas with very short tube, cvlin- 

 draceous-funnelform throat, and 5 short ovate lobes, those of the marginal flowers slightly 

 enlarged after the manner of Ch<rn<trtis, but regular, the nerves deeply intramarginal. 

 Anther-tips oblong-lanceolate. Style-branches linear, glabrous and with stigma) ,'< lines 

 continued up to the obtuse tip. Akenes oblong-turbinate, 5-nervecl or angled, hirsutc-vil- 

 lous. Pappus of 5 ovate or oblong hyaline nerveless paleas, which are resolved above into 

 numerous slender bristles, the middle ones rather shorter than the corolla. 



* * * * Receptacle flatfish. or convex, many-flowered: rny-fhnvers female and fertile; 

 those of the disk sterile : involticral bracts few in a single series, broad and plane, mem- 

 branaceous : akenes pyriform. 



156. BLENNOSPERMA. Involucre hemispherical or depressed ; its bracts 5 to 12, equal, 

 oblong, plane, herbaceous or partly membranaceous, the tips sometimes colored, the bases 

 somewhat united. Ray-flowers' 5 to 12: some of them in our species not rarely apetalous, 

 the others with ligule oblong or elliptical, entire, sessile on the ovary, being destitute of tube : 

 style-branches flat, linear or oblong. Disk-flowers numerous (20 or more) : corollas witli 

 narrow tube, abruptly expanded into a broadly campanulatc 4-5-lobed limb : anthers oval : 

 style undivided, with capitate or disk-shaped apex : ovary abortive, a mere rudiment. 

 Akenes (of the ray) obscurely 8-10-ribbed, with small areola, wholly destitute of pap[. 

 the surface powdered with papillae which develop mucilage when wet. 



***** Receptacle from convex to oblong : involucre many-flowered, various, of more 

 than one series of bracts, or irregular : akenes short, obpyramidal or turbinate, sometimes 

 more oblong, 5-10-costate or angled, mostly silky-villous or hirsute: disk-flowers all fer- 

 tile ; the corolla 4-5-toothed : leaves alternate, in many minutely impressed-punctate or 

 resinous-atomiferous. 



-f- Receptacle naked, i. e. destitute of awn-like fimbrilbv among the flowers: style-branches 

 of the disk-flowers dilated-truncate and somewhat penicillatc at tip. 



-H- Involucre erect, at least not spreading or rcflcxcd. 

 148. HYMENOPAPPUS, with turbinate or obpyramidal costate akenes, might be sought 



here. 

 64. PLUMMERA is like Actinclla Hymcnoxys, without pappus, and disk-flowers strriV. 



157. ACTINELLA. Heads radiate (except in S. American species). Involucre campan- 

 ulate or hemispherical, or sometimes broader ; its bracts in two or more series, somewhat 

 herbaceous or coriaceous, often rigid ; outer sometimes united. Receptacle from conical to 

 convex. Rays fertile. Pappus of 5 to 12 thin and mostly hyaline paloa-, with more or less 

 manifest costa or none; these sometimes truncate, more commonly acuminate or aristatc at 

 tip. Mostly low herbs, and bitter-aromatic. 



