,sw;,/ ( u/o. COMPOSITE. 155 



who followed a wrong determination. S. verrucosa, Schrad. Hort. Gcett. 12, t. G ? S. 



bergii, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 214. Moist woodlands, New England and Canada to Ohio, 



through Pennsylvania to the mountains of Virginia. 



Var. Caroliniana. Leaves of firmer texture, simply serrate as in S. Boottii, but 

 larger: heads thicker, with 4 or 5 short rays and 10 to 14 disk-flowers; iuvolucral bracts 

 tinner, oblong : akeues pubescent. Mountains of N. Carolina and of adjacent S. Carolina 

 and Georgia, G. R. Vasey, J. Donneli Smith. Perhaps distinct both from this and the pre- 

 ceding species. 



d. Stems not strict, simple or corymbosely branched at summit: inflorescence an open spreading 

 panicle, usually as broad as high, composed of recurving naked and minutely subulate-bracteate 

 secund-raeemiform clusters of crowded small heads, the rhachis and pedicels slender: rays 

 numerous and small. 



S. juncea, AIT. Mostly smooth and nearly glabrous : stem 1 to 3 feet high, rigid, com- 

 monly simple up to the mostly crowded branches of the wide panicle : leaves of rather firm 

 texture ; radical oval to oblong-spatulate, tapering into a winged petiole, usually large and 

 sharply serrate; cauliue from narrowly oblong to lanceolate (larger 3 or 4 inches long), not 

 rarely almost entire or sparsely serrulate, the small upper not much narrowed at base : panic- 

 ulate racemes slender: heads seldom over 2 lines long : bracts of the involucre small and 

 pale: rays 7 to 12, hardly surpassing and little fewer than the disk-flowers: akenes gla- 

 brous or slightly pubescent. Kew. iii. 213 ; Pursh, 1. c. ; Hook. Fl. ii. 3 ; Grav, 1'ror. 1. c. 

 S. ciliaris, Muhl. in Willd. Spec. iii. 205G ; Darlingt. 1. c. ; DC. 1. c. 331 (excl. syn. S. glabra). 

 S. anjuta, Torr. & .Gray, Fl. ii. 214, not Ait., &c., as was wrongly supposed. Common in 

 dry or rocky ground, Hudson's Bay and Saskatchewan to Wisconsin, and through the 

 Northern States to the upper country of Carolina and Tennessee. The original type by 

 Solander is a small form from Hudson's Bay. The specific name alludes to the inflorescence, 

 remotely resembling that of some species of Juncits. S. ciliaris is a common broad leaved 

 form, the larger leaves a little ciliate. Var. SCABRELLA (S. arguta, var. smlrclla, Torr. 

 & Gray, 1. c.) is a form with rigid and roughish leaves, growing in arid soil. Wisconsin 

 and Illinois to Kentucky; in which district the leaves become more or less triple-ribbed 

 and rigid, and seemingly pass into S. Missouriensis. 



* H -) Not maritime: leaves more or less triple-ribbed, or with a pair of lateral veins con- 



tinued by inosculation parallel to the midrib, yet these sometimes obscure or evanescent. 



Triplinervice. 

 H- Smooth and glabrous, at least as to the stem and bright green leaves (the latter sometimes a 



little pilose-pubescent in S. serotina), not cinereous or canescent: inflorescence when well de- 



veloped of naked and secund commonly recurving racemiform clusters, collected in a terminal 



compound panicle: akenes more or less pubescent. 

 = Leaves of firm texture, rather rigid, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the slender lateral ribs not 



rarely evanescent in tlie upper leaves: bracts of the involucre rather linn; the short outennnM 



ovate or oval and the inner oblong-linear, all obtuse. A form of the first species connects with 



the last preceding. 

 a. Rays rather small: stems leafy to the summit: leaves commonly with scabrous margins, the 



larger mostly with some scattered teeth or denticulations. 



S. Missouriensis, NUTT. Low or middle-sized, smooth : leaves thickish, mostly tapering 

 to both ends, and the scrratures when present sharp and rigid, somewhat nervose ; lower 

 spatulate-lanceolate (larger 4 to 6 inches long) ; upper mostly linear and entire, acute ; some- 

 times all entire: racemiform clusters approximated in a short and broad panicle (like those 

 of S. juncea, but usually shorter), recurving in age: rays 6 to 13, small. Jour. Acad. 

 Philad. vii. 32, & Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 327 (excl. hab. N. Carol.) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 

 ii. 322. S. serotinn, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 97, not Ait. S. ylaberrima, Martens in Bull. 

 Acad. Brux. viii. (1841), 68. Dry prairies, Indiana and Tennessee to Texas, and westward 

 to the Rocky Mountains; in the more eastward stations passing into or else hybridizing 

 with 5. juncea. 



Var. montana, GRAY. Dwarf, 6 to 15 inches high: leaves entire or with few small 

 serratures; cauline obscurely triplinervcd, an inch or two long : panicle small and compact 

 (at most 2 or 3 inches long) ; its clusters short, crowded, seldom recurved or much secund. 

 Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 195. S. Missouriensis, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. 1. c., as to the 

 original from "upper branches of the Missouri, Wyeth." Dakota to the Saskatchewan and 

 west to Idaho. 



