

Aster. COMPOSITE. 181 



* 7. Heads small, or in one species middle-sized, paniculate: lower cauline and radical leaves cor- 

 date and fietlulcd : no glandular or viscid pubescence: akenes compressed, short, 3-5-nerved: 

 rays violet, purplish, or sometimes almost white: bracts of the involucre with short and ap- 

 pressed green tips, except in the first. HETEKOPHYLLI. 



H Anomalous species, with middle-sized heads, many rays, and squarrosc foliaceous involucre! 

 A. anomalus, ENGELM. Pubescent and somewhat scabrous, a foot to a yard high, 

 paniculately or virgately branched above, bearing numerous loosely disposed heads : leaves 

 veiny, thinnish, entire, mostly oblong- to lanceolate-ovate with narrow and often deep cor- 

 date base, those of braiichlets reduced and lanceolate to subulate : heads half-inch high : 

 involucre pluriserially imbricated, hirsutnlous-pubescent, of attenuate-linear bracts; their 

 foliaceous upper half recurved or widely spreading : rays bright violet, about 40, quarter to 

 half an inch long: akeues glabrous. Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 503. Limestone cliffs, Illinois, 

 Missouri, and Arkansas; first coll. by Engelmann. 



H * True Hettrophylli, with smaller Wads, 10 to 20 rays, and a close involucre of appressed or 

 erect bracts. Occasional specimens witli only the radical leaves cordate. 



-H- Leaves all entire or nearly so (lower sometimes with a few teeth), of rather firm texture, all 

 much longer than wide, none clasping: heads showy: rays violet, 5 or even 6 lines long, 15 to 

 20 in number: involucre 3 or 4 lines high; its bracts all appressed and with mostly-definite 

 sin irt green tips, outer successively shorter. 



A. Shortii, HOOK. Stem 2 to 4 feet high, rather slender, leafy to the summit, bearing 

 racemose-paniculate heads : leaves minutely soft-pubescent, mostly glabrate and smooth 

 above, thin-veiny, nearly all petioled; radical and principal cauline ovate-lanceolate with 

 distinctly cordate base and on slender naked petioles, tapering-acute (3 to 5 inches long), 

 only on ultimate short braiichlets or peduncles reduced to minute subulate bracts : involucre 

 sometimes puberulent ; its bracts narrow, less rigid and less definitely green-tipped than in 

 the next : rays light violet. Fl. ii. 9 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 118. Border of thickets and 

 shaded banks, Ohio to Georgia in the upper country, west to Kentucky and Illinois ; first 

 coll. by Short. 



A. azureus, LINDL. Stem 2 to 4 feet high, pauiculately or racemosely compound at 

 summit : branches slender and rigid : leaves hirtello-scabrous both sides ; radical and lowest 

 cauliue ovate-lanceolate with subcordate base, on slender petioles (3 to 6 inches long) ; cauline 

 oblong or lanceolate with winged petiole or attenuate base, verging to linear, and on the 

 brauchlets reduced to numerous small and slender-subulate rigid bracts : involucre glabrous 

 and smooth ; green tips of the bracts ovate or deltoid : rays deep violet-bine. Hook. Comp. 

 Bot. Mag. i. 98, DC. Prodr. v. 244 (incompletely described for want of lower leaves) ; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 118. A. Oolentanyiensis, Riddell, Synops. 55. Prairies and border of 

 woods, W. New York and Ohio to Minnesota, and southwest to Arkansas and Texas, where 

 there are forms with hardly a cordate leaf ! 



H- -H- Leaves some entire, but lower almost always somewhat serrate, rather firm in texture, 

 longer than broad ; the base, or that of wing-margined petiole of lower cauline, cordate-clasping : 

 greenish tips of the less rigid involucral bracts short and rather obtuse. 



A. undulatus, L. Pale or dull with a minute somewhat cinereous and sometimes scabrous 

 pubescence: branches rather rigid, racemosely or pauiculately bearing several or rather 

 numerous racemosely disposed heads: leaves at most inconspicuously or obtusely serrate; 

 upper mainly entire, lanceolate or oblong with partly clasping base, above diminished to 

 subulate bracts; middle ones ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly contracted below and -with 

 dilated cordate-clasping base, sometimes panduriform, below subcordate on margined petioles ; 

 lowest cauliue and radical cordate on slender naked petioles: heads 4 lines high: rays bright 

 violet or sometimes paler. Spec. ii. 875 (Hort. Cliff. & Herm. Parad. t. 96, whence the name, 

 & Moris. Hist. 120) ; Ait. Kew. iii. 206 ; Hoffm. Phyt. Blatt. 77, t. C, f . 1 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; 

 Sprague, Wild Flowers, t. 4. A. diversifolius, DC. Prodr. v. 234. A. paniculatiis, Nutt. 

 Gen. ii. 56, not Ait., nor Lam. A. sayiltifuliiis, Ell. Sk. ii. 362, not Willd. Dry ground, 

 margin of woods, &c., Canada to Florida, Kentucky, and Arkansas. Southward in the low 

 and middle country the common form is 



Var. diversifolius. More rigid, scabrous or scabro-puberuleut, and with longer 

 virgate flowering branches, which are beset with minute subulate or lanceolate (or below 

 oblong) leaves, only the lower cauline having a narrowed base or winged petiole. - 

 sifolius, Michx. FL ii. 113 A. sealer, Ell. Sk. ii. 262. A. asperulus, Torr. & Gray, FL 



