234 COMPOSITE. Gnaphalium. 



61. GNAPHALIUM, L. CUDWEED, EVERLASTING. (TvacjxiXiov, the 

 Greek and also Latin name of these or similar plants). Floccose-woolly herbs 

 (of most parts of the world) ; with sessile and sometimes decurrent entire leaves, 

 and cymosely clustered or glomerate heads of whitish or yellowish flowers. Invo- 

 lucre not rarely colored, but seldom yellow. Receptacle usually flat. Akenes 

 terete or flattish, mostly nerveless. Fl. summer and autumn. Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 426 ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 305. 



1. EUGNAPHA'LIUM. Bristles of the pappus not at all united at the base, 

 falling separately. 



* Involucre woolly only at base, mainly scarious, in ours from white to brownish straw-color 

 or rarely tinged with rose, not yellow: heads paniculately or corymbosely cyniose or glom- 

 erate at summit of the leafy stem and branches : more or less fragrant herbs, erect, a foot or 

 two high from an annual or biennial or sometimes perennial root: akenes in our species smooth 

 and glabrous. 



H Leaves not at all decurrent, narrowe.d at base: hermaphrodite flowers very few: akenes some- 

 times lightly 3-4-nerved : stems freely branching, rather slender, 1 to 3 feet high. 



G. polycephalum, MICHX. Erect from an annual root, somewhat aromatic : branches 

 either glabrous when the white wool is detached, or minutely viscid-pubescent when it is 

 caducous: leaves thinnish, lanceolate or sometimes linear, mucrouately acute or acuminate, 

 often with finely undulate margins, soon bare and green and commonly viscid-puberulent or 

 glandular above : heads in numerous rather close pauiculately or cymosely disposed glomer- 

 ules : involucre dull white, soou with a rusty tinge ; its thiu bracts oblong, obtuse. Fl. ii. 

 127 ; DC. Frodr. vi. 227 ; Torr: & Gray, 1. c. G. obtusifolium, L. Spec. ii. 851, a false name 

 taken from the char, and figure of the doubtful plant of Dill. Elth. (but the figure of Mori- 

 son is good and its leaves acute), changed in Lam. Diet. ii. 755 to G. conoideum, founded on 

 the same ambiguous figure. Open woods and dry ground, Canada to Wisconsin and south 

 to Texas. (Mex.) 



G. W^rightii, GKAY. Diffusely much branched from an apparently perennial root, persist- 

 ently white-woolly, not glandular : leaves from spatulate to lanceolate (an inch or two long) : 

 heads (2 lines long) very numerous in small cymosely paniculate glomerules on loose spread- 

 ing or divergent hranchlets : involucre turbiuate, grayish-white, very woolly at base; its 

 bracts thin, oblong, obtuse, but most of them (at least the inner) with an acute apiculation. 



Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 214. G. microccphalum, Gray, Fl. Wright, i. 124, & ii. 99, not Nutt. 



Dry ground, W. Texas and Arkansas to New Mexico and Arizona ; first coll. by Wright. 

 (Adj. Mex.) 



-i -) Leaves more or less adnate-decurrent at base, persistently white-wool!}', slightly if at all 



glandular or heavy -scented. 



G. Arizoilicum, GRAY. Grayish-woolly: stems slender, strict, a foot high from an annual 

 root : canline leaves narrowly linear (inch and a half long, a line wide), slenderly decurreut ; 

 lowest short and somewhat spatulate: heads (2 lines or more long) very numerous and 

 glomerate, the clusters fastigiate-cymose : involucre narrowly oblong, brownish ; its thin 

 bracts mostly lanceolate and acute. Froc. Am. Acad. xix. 3. S. Arizona, in dried beds of 

 streams near Fort Iluachuca, L< minon. 



G. microcephalum, NUTT. Slender, more loosely branched from an apparently perennial 

 root: leaves linear or lower spatulate-lanceolate, with slenderly decurreut base: heads (2 or 

 3 lines long) rather few or loose in the paniculately or cymosely disposed glomerules : invo- 

 lucre from turbinate to campanulate, bright white ; its bracts ovate or oblong (except the 

 innermost), obtuse, though described by Nuttall as "acute." Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 

 vii. 404. Along water-courses, S. California to Oregon; first coll. by Nuttall. 



G. Sprengelii, HOOK. & ARN. Stems usually stout, 6 to 30 inches high from an annual or 

 biennial root : leaves lanceolate or linear, or the lowest narrowly spatulate, densely white- 

 woolly, or sometimes more thinly floccose, the short decurrent bases or adnate auricles rather 

 broad: heads (3 lines long and wide) in single or few (rarely numerous and cymose) close 

 glomerules terminating the stem or few branches : involucre hemispherical, white or with 

 barely greenish-yellowish tinge, becoming slightly rusty in age ; its bracts thin, oval and 



