240 COMPOSITE. Acanthospermum. 



A. HU3HLE, DC. Larger, commonly erect, hirsute: leaves wing-petioled or sessile by a 

 cuneate base: fructiferous bracts somewhat 3-angled, not grooved, armed (besides the 

 prickles) with one or two long spines from the truncate summit, A. hitmile & A. h/spidum, 

 DC. 1. c. Melampodium hnmi/.e, Swartz, Prodr. 114. Centrospermum humile, Less. Syn. 

 217. Ballast-weed, about Philadelphia and New York; naturalized at Pensacola. (Nat. 

 from W. Ind.) 



70. SfLPHIUM, L. ROSIN-WEED. (2t'X0tov, ancient name of an Um- 

 belliferous plant in N. Africa which produced a gum-resin, transferred by Lin- 

 nreus, in his accustomed way, to an American genus.) Tall and coarse perennials 

 (all of Atlantic U. S.) ; with resinous juice, thick roots, commonly large leaves, 

 and ample pedunculate heads of yellow flowers (one species with white rays !), 

 produced in summer and autumn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 275 ; Benth. & Hook. 

 Gen. ii. 350. 



* Stem square, leafy to the top : bases of the leaves or of their winged petioles cupulate-connate. 



S. perfoliatum, L. (CUP-PLANT.) Stem 4 to 8 feet high, commonly very smooth and 

 glabrous : leaves either smooth or scabrous, sometimes hirsute-pubescent beneath, ovate or 

 the upper ovate-lanceolate (the larger a foot or more long), dentate or denticulate with 

 mucrouate teeth ; upper ones united by their broad bases and lower by winged petioles 

 into a perfoliate cup : heads terminating the loosely cymosely disposed flowering branches, 

 on naked peduncles : involucre short-campanulate, half or two-thirds inch high ; outer bracts 

 ovate, from erect to somewhat squarrose-spreadiug : rays inch long : akenes either with deep 

 or shallow notch, the narrow wings being produced either into very small obsolete or prom- 

 inent triangular teeth. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1301 ; Gouan, Hort. Monsp. 462; Hook. Bot. Mag. 

 t. 3354 ; Torr. Gray, 1. c. S. connatum, L. Maut. 574, a form with branches somewhat 

 hispid. <S. tetragonum & 5. scabrum, Mcench, Meth. 606. S. conjunctum, Willd. Euum. 

 633. 5. Homemanni, Schrad. Hort. Goett. ; DC. Prodr. v. 514. S. erythrocaulon, Bernh. in 

 Spreng. Syst. iii. 630. Alluvial soil, Michigan and Wisconsin to Upper Georgia and 

 Louisiana. Common in cultivation; variable but characteristic. 



* * Stem from obtusely quadrangular to terete, leafy : leaves all or some of them opposite, entire 

 or serrate, not connate-perfoliate, 



j All but the lower sessile, and either all opposite or the upper pairs occasionally disjoined: 

 akenes with a broad wing and a deep narrow notch: stems 2 to 4 feet high, rigid, very leafy 

 to the top. 



S. integrifolium, MICHX. Stem smooth or scabrous, sometimes rough-hispiclulous : leaves 

 entire or denticulate, lanceolate-ovate or ovate-lanceolate ; all the upper ones closely sessile 

 by a broad and roundish or subcordate partly clasping base, and tapering from below the 

 middle to an acute apex, scabrous above, from nearly glabrous and smooth to cinereous- 

 pubescent beneath, 3 to 5 inches long, commonly of firm texture : heads somewhat corym- 

 bose, nearly all short-peduncled : involucre over half-inch high ; its bracts mostly ovate and 

 spreading : akeues broadly obovate, the body 4 lines long, the scarious wing a line or so wide, at 

 least toward the summit. Fl. ii. 146 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 279, hardly of Ell. S. hvvi- 

 gntum, Pursh, as to char. S. sftcciosum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 341, a very smooth 

 form, the var. licve, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Prairies, &c., Wisconsin and Illinois to Arkansas 

 and Texas, and possibly to W. Georgia. 



S. asperrimum, HOOK. Commonly taller: stem rough-hispid: leaves of the preceding 

 but more scabrous : heads generally larger : akenes with broader wings, the triangular 

 apical portions 2 or 3 lines high. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 99. S. radula, Nutt. Trans. Am. 

 Phil. Soc. 1. c. S. scaberrimum, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 279, var. y, hardly Ell. Plains of 

 Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. 



S. scaberrimum, ELL. Stem and commonly both sides of the leaves hispid : leaves in 

 remoter pairs, thinner, oblong or ovate, all but the uppermost rather coarsely serrate and 

 with narrowed or even short petiole-like base (the larger 4 to 6 inches long) : heads fewer, 

 more pedunculate: rays inch long: outermost involucral bracts smaller: akenes including 

 broad wing nearly orbicular in outline, half-inch in diameter. Sk. ii. 462 ; Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 279, excl. var. y. W. Georgia to Louisiana and E. Texas. 



