Tetragonotheca. COMPOSITE. 255 



Torr. & Gray, 1. c., excl. vars. ; Meehan, Nat. Flowers, ser. 2, ii. 42. Buphtlmlmnm l,<ii- 

 anthoidcs, L. Hort. Ups., & Spec. ii. 904; Michx. Fl. ii. 130; L'Her. Stirp. t. 45. Silph'iiiin 

 hi'liantholdes, L. Spec. ii. 920, pi. Grouov. *S. solidaginoides, L. Spec. 1. c. Rudbeckia oppositi- 

 folia, L. Spec. 1. c. 907, pi. Gronov. Helianthus Icevis, L. Spec. ed. 2, 1278, excl. syn. Grouov., 

 which is Bidens chrysanthemoides. Hdepta grandiflora, &c., Raf. Neog. Dry or moist 

 ground, Canada to Florida. 



H. SCabra, DUNAL. Hispidulous-scabrous, especially the leaves, 2 to 4 feet high: leaves 

 from broadly ovate and subcordate to ovate-lanceolate, the upper occasionally entire ; rays 

 oblong, nearly or quite an inch in length : akenes smooth, but the angles above pubescent 

 when young, the summit usually bearing an obscure or evident and irregular coroniform 

 chaffy pappus, or sometimes 2 or 3 conspicuous and rigid teeth ! Otherwise as in the fore- 

 going, into which it may pass. Mem. Mus. 1. c. 56, t. 4; Hook. Fl. i. 310; DC. Prodr. 

 v. 550, excl. syu. II. canescens, Don. //. Icei-is, var. scubra, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 303. - 

 W. New York to Saskatchewan, Missouri, and Arkansas. 



H. gracilis, NUTT. Slender, a foot or two high: leaves ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate (2 or 

 3 inches long), and with somewhat cuneate base, hispidulous-scabrous or almost smooth : 

 heads very much smaller, barely 3 or 4 lines high, and the fewer (5 to 10) rays 5 to 8 lines 

 long: akenes of //. scabra. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. vii. 353. //. licvis, var. minor, 

 Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 98. H. Iceris, var. gracilis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 303. Dry and 

 shaded ground, Georgia and W. Florida to Louisiana and Arkansas, Gates & Jewett, Dmm- 

 iiwitd, Curtiss, &c. 



H. parvifolia, GUAY. Slender, a foot or two high, from cinereous-puberulent and some- 

 what scabrous to nearly glabrous and green : leaves deltoid-lanceolate or rhomboid-lanceolate 

 or approaching deltoid-ovate, irregularly dentate with few or several teeth, or some entire, 

 an inch or two long : head barely half-inch high : rays oval or oblong, half or two-thirds 

 inch long : akenes glabrous but dull and rugulose-scabrous, the summit evenly truncate. 

 PI. Wright, ii. 86; Rothr. in Wheeler Rep. vi. 159. //. buphthalmoides, Gray in Bot. Mex. 

 Bound. 88, not Dimal. Canons and beds of streams, Arizona, Wright, Thurber, &c. (Lower 

 Cal. & adj. Mex.) 

 H. BUPHTHALMofoES, Dunal, of Mexico and S. America, and H. ANNUA, Hemsley (which 



may be the H. canescens, HBK., that being said to have an annual root, as has Parry & 



Palmer's no. 431), have puberulent or papillose-pubescent akenes. 



87. TETRAG-ONOTHECA, Dill. (Terpaywi/o?, four-angled, 0^, case, 

 i. e. involucre.) Erect perennial herbs, all N. American, with striate stems ; 

 the leaves all opposite, mostly sessile or coniiate-amplexicaul, thinnish, dentate 

 or sinuate-pinnatilid ; heads rather large, on slender peduncles terminating the 

 stem or hranches ; both disk- and ray-corollas light yellow, uervose (the ligules 

 5 to 10-nerved, and the usual 5 nerves of the throat of the disk-corollas not 

 rarely doubled), marcescent and persisting almost to the maturity of the akenes. 

 Fl. summer. Dill. Elth. ii. 378, t. 283; Linn. ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. ;j(i7. 

 Tetragonotheca & Halea, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 303, 304. 



1. Akenes very thick, obscurely 4-sidecLor almost terete, wholly destitute of 

 pappus : tube of the corolla villous below : stem simple : involucre very salient ly 

 4-anled in the bud. 



T. heliailthoides, L. Villous with somewhat viscid hairs : stem a foot or two high : 



ovate or rhomboid-oblong, closely sessile by a narrow base, dentate, 4 to 6 inches lung: lobes 

 of the involucre and 6 to 9 rays about an inch long. Spec. ii. 903 ; DC. Prodr. v. 552 ; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Poh/mnia fctracjonotheca, L. Syst. ; Abbot, Ins. & PI. Georg. ii. t. 69 ; 

 Schkuhr, Handb. t. 263. Silphium Tetragonotheca, Gffirtn. Fruct. t. 171. --Dry ground, 

 Virginia to Florida. 



2. Akenes distinctly 4-sided and the sides striate (somewhat pubescent), 

 moderately narrowed from the truncate summit to base : pappus plurisquamellate 



