Balsamorrhiza. COMPOSITE. 265 



W. carnosa, PKRS. Perennial herb, slightly strigose-hispidnlons, glabrate : stem exten- 

 sively creeping, sending up erect brandies : leaves fleshy, mostly sessile, cuneate-obkmg to 

 obovate, somewhat serrate, often with some coarse teeth or 3 to 5 short lobes : rays golden 

 yellow, 3-toothed, little surpassing the oblong foliaceous involucral bracts: akeues (3 lines 

 long including the cupulate pappus) much thickened and muricate-scabrous at maturity, the 

 ' attenuate base compressed and sharp-edged. Syn. ii." 490; DC. Prodr. v. 538 ; Griseb. Fl. 

 W. Ind. 371. Si/phium trilobatum, L. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1302 (Plum. ed. Burm. t. 107, f. 2; 

 Sloane, Jam. 1. 155, f. 1). Buphthalmum repens, Lam. Biscayne Bay, S. E. Florida Curtiss. 

 (\V. Ind., S. Am.) 



98. BORRlCHIA, Adans. (Ok Borrich, a Danish botanist of the 17th 

 century.) -- Shrubs or suffruticose and more or less fleshy plants of the sea-coast, 

 canescent, or becoming glabrate and green ; with opposite entire or denticulate 

 leaves tapering somewhat into a petiole, and rather large heads of yellow flowers 

 on terminal peduncles: fl. summer. Fain. ii. 130; DC. Prodr. v. 488. 



B. arborescens, DC. Shrub 4 feet or less high, fleshy, much branched : leaves spatulate- 

 lanceolate, rigidly mticronate, veinless : involucre appressed : bracts of the receptacle obtuse 

 or barely mucronate. Prodr. 1. c. Asteriscus, &c., Dill. Elth. t. 38, f. 43. Coronn-sofis 



frutcscens, &c., Plum. ed. Burm. t. 16, f. 2. Buphthalmum arborescens, L. Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1273. 

 Sandy shores and Keys, S. Florida. (\V. Ind. to Pern.) 



B. frutesceilS, DC. Less woody, more permanently cauescent ; the simpler stems 1 to 3 feet 

 high : leaves fleshy-coriaceous, from obovate to spatulate-lauceolate, sometimes dentate : 

 bracts of the involucre smaller and looser, spreading in age ; of the receptacle spiuulose- 



cuspidate Prodr. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 2G8. Asteriscus frutescens, &c., Dill. Elth. 



t. 38, f. 44. Chrysanthemum fruticosum, &c., C&tesb. Car. i. t. 93. Buphthalmum frutescens, 



L. Spec. ii. 903; Walt. Car. 212. Sandy sea-coast, Virginia to Texas. (Mex., &c.) 



99. BALSAMORRHfZA, Hook. (BaAo-a/xo*', balsam, p%a, root.) 

 Low perennials (all of Central and Western N. America) ; with thick and deep 

 roots, which exude a terebinthine balsam, and send up a tuft of radical leaves, 

 mostly on long petioles, and short simple few-leaved flowering stems or naked 

 scapes, bearing large and mostly solitary heads of yellow flowers ; the rays ample 

 and numerous. Cauline leaves when present alternate or occasionally opposite, 

 petioled. The root, when peeled (to get rid of the terebinthine rind) and baked, 

 is an article of food to the aborigines, and the akenes are also eaten. --F1. 5. 

 310 (under Heliopsis) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 300; Gray, PI. Fendl. 81. 



1. Ligules becoming thin-papery, and persistent on or very tardily deciduous 

 from the canescently pubescent akenes. -- Kalliactis, Gray, 1. c. 



B. Careyana, GHAY, 1. c. Cinereous-pubescent, slightly scabrous: flowering stems a foot 

 high, bearing 3 or 4 small lanceolate leaves and 2 to 7 racemosely disposed heads : leaves 

 subcoriaceous, entire, reticulated ; the radical cordate-lanceolate, a span or more in length : 

 involucre half-inch or more high : ligules oval, hardly inch long, abruptly contracted into a 

 very short but distinct tube: style-branches of the disk-flowers subulate and very hispid 

 throughout. Sandy plains on the Clearwatcr. Idaho, fl. May, Spa/ding. Rediscovered on 

 the Wallawalla, Washington Terr., 1883, by /3mndeyee,-vriih. the rays deciduous from the 

 mature fruit. 



2. Ligules deciduous in the ordinary manner: akenes glabrous: stems or 

 scapes terminated by solitary or sometimes 2 or 3 heads. 



* Leaves entire or merely serrate ; the principal ones cordate or with cordate base and long-peti- 

 olecl. Artorhiza, Nutt. Trans. Am. Fhii. Soc. vii. 350. Espeletia, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. 

 vii. 39, not Humb. & Bon pi. 



B. sagittata, NITTT. Silvery-tomentnlose or canescent, and the involucre white-woolly : 

 radical leaves from cordate-oblong to hastate, entire or nearly so (4 to 9 inches long, the 



