274 COMPOSITE. Helianthus. 



oled ; uppermost commonly alternate : bracts of the involucre from oblong-ovate to lanceolate 

 and either acute or acuminate, glabrous, shorter than or sometimes equalling the yellowish 

 or at length brownish disk ; its bracts nearly glabrous : rays about an inch long, oblong. 

 Chapm. Fl. Suppl. 629. H. angustifulius, var. with broader leaves and yellow disk, Chapm. 

 Fl. 229; Curtiss, distrib. 1437. K and E. Florida, Chapman, Palmer, Garber, Curtiss ; 

 flowering late. 



H. ciliaris, DC. Glaucous : stems a foot or two high, very leafy : leaves nearly all opposite 

 and sessile, lanceolate, varying to ovate-lanceolate or to linear, thickish, with undulate or 

 repand margins, either very smooth and naked, or hispidulous with some scattered bristles, 

 at least along the margins : bracts of the involucre ovate or oblong, obtuse or abruptly 

 mucronulate, hirsutely ciliate : chaff of the brownish disk pubescent at tip : rays few or 

 several, not surpassing the disk, sometimes none. Prodr. v. 587 ; Gray, PI. Fendl. 84, PI. 

 Wright, i. 108. Linsecomia glauca, Buckley in Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861,458. Low and 

 brackish ground, S. W. Texas, on the Rio Grande, and Arizona, Berlandier, Wright, T/turber, 

 &c. (Adj. Me:;.) 



4 -1 Stems somewhat hirsute, scapiform and monocephalous : leaves roundish: chaff of recep- 

 tacle with entire cuspidate-acuminate tips: rays commonly wanting: akenes rather flat, emar- 

 ginate-2-toothed at summit: an anomalous species. Echinomeria, Nutt. 



H. radula, TORR. & GRAY. Leaves hirsute or hispid, denticulate, triplinerved, mostly 

 sessile; radical orbicular, 2 or 3 inches long, in a rosulate cluster; cauline 2 or 3 pairs near 

 the base of the (foot or two high) simple stem, obovate with narrowed base, or above 

 reduced to some narrow and minute ones : iuvolncral bracts broadly lanceolate or oblong, 

 acute, brownish-purple, as is the disk : the few rays when present little exserted : akenes with 

 the unusually acute margins produced above more or less into a sort of tooth : pappus small. 

 Fl. ii. 321. Rudlwkia ratlula, Pursh, Fl. ii. 575. R. apetala, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. 

 vii. 77. Ec.hinomeria a petal a, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 356. Low pine barrens, 

 Georgia, Alabama, and Florida. 



H H -t Stem and (mostly opposite and triplinerved) leaves more or less hispid, hirsute, or 

 scabrous (or forms of the last species smoother) : chaff of receptacle entire or some 3-toothed at 

 the apex, pointless: rays numerous and conspicuous. 



H- Disk of the head dark purple or brownish. 



H. heterophyllus, NUTT. Stem slender, 1 to 3 feet high, naked above, bearing a single 

 showy head : leaves hispid, entire ; radical oval to spatulate-oblong ; cauline 3 or 4 pairs 

 and some minute ones above, narrowly lanceolate or linear, sessile, the lower with long 

 tapering base : bracts of the involucre lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate : rays about 20, inch and 

 a half long. Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 74; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 98, partly; Torr. & 

 Gray, 1. c. Low pine barrens, Georgia to Florida and Louisiana, toward the coast. 



H. atrorubens, L. Stems stouter, sometimes leafy, sometimes few-leaved, 2 to 4 feet high, 

 bearing few or several rather small heads: leaves hispid and scabrous, veiny, commonly thiii- 

 nish, from roundish-ovate or rarely cordate to oblong-lanceolate, often serrate, contracted below 

 into winged petioles, lower a span to a foot long, uppermost small and bract-like : bracts of 

 the involucre oval or obovate, obtuse, ciliolate : rays 10 to 16, rarely inch long. Spec. ii. 906, 

 & ed. 2, 1279 (Dill. Kith. t. 94; Martyn, Hist. PL Rar. t. 20) ; Ait. Kew. iii. 250; Michx. 

 Fl. ii. 140, in part; Torr. & Gray, 1. c., not Lam., nor Bot. Mag., Bot. Reg., &c. //. sparsi- 

 folius, Ell. Sk. ii. 415. //. silphioides, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 366. Open woods, 

 Virginia to Florida, Arkansas, and Louisiana. 



H. rigidus, DESF. A foot or two (rarely 6 to 8 feet) high, rigid, sparingly branched : leaves 

 very firm-coriaceous and thick, both sides hispidulous-scabrous, shagreen-like, entire or 

 serrate, lightly tripliuerved but indistinctly and sparingly veined ; lower oblong and ovate- 

 lanceolate, attenuate at base into short winged petioles ; upper mostly lanceolate : heads 

 comparatively large, showy (disk three-fourths inch high) : involucre pluriserially imbricated ; 

 its bracts mainly ovate, obtuse or acutish, rigid, appressed, densely and minutely ciliate: 

 rays numerous, generally inch and a half long : akenes oblong-obovate, 3 lines long : pap- 

 pus of two large ovate-lanceolate palere, and sometimes two or four rather stout interme- 

 diate paleas ! more commonly none. Cat. Hort. Par. ed. 3, 184; Torr. & Gray, FL ii. 322. 

 //. atrorubens, Michx. 1. c., in part ; Bot. Reg. t. 508 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2668 ; DC. Prodr. v. 586. 

 //. dijfusus, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2020. //. Missuricus, Spreng. Syst. iii. 618, name in place of 



