Hdianthus. COMPOSITE. 279 



long, and it would appear to pass into II. strumosus except for the remarkable smoothness. 

 Bracts of the involucre minutely ciliolate. 



H- -H- Heads middle-sized, at least half-inch high: rays usually but not always more than 

 10, an inch or more long: plant multiplying by creeping rootstocks. (Species difficult of extri- 

 cation, either confluent r mixed by intercrossing.) 



= .Cauline leaves all sessile and even somewhat connate by a more or less narrowed base, those 



of the flowering branches not rarely alternate, none more than serrulate, no lateral basal ribs. 



H. doronicoid.es, LAM. Minutely pubescent and somewhat scabrous: stem 3 to 7 feet 



high : leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed from below the middle to both ends, moderately so 



below, lightly or indistinctly triplinerved much above the base, 4 to 8 inches long : involucre 



of loose subulate-linear and slender pointed bracts, soft-pubescent or hirsute: rays 13 to 18, 



a third to half inch broad, sometimes inch and a half long: ovary and akene glabrous. 



Diet. iii. 84 ; Torr. & Gray, 11. ii. 327, in part, excl. syn. Vahl, &c., not of Gray, Man. 

 //. pubescens, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2778, not Yahl. //. cincrcus ? var. SitUiriintii, Torr. & Gray, 

 1. c. 324, appears to be a form of this. Dry Ground, Ohio to Missouri, &c. 



= = Cauline leaves sessile or nearly so by a rounded or subcorclate and 3-nerved base, thence 

 gradually narrowed to the slender apex, of rather firm texture: heads and rays comparatively 

 small. 



H. divaricatUS, L. Stem simple to the summit or nearly, a foot to a yard high, mostlv 

 slender, rigid, usually smooth and glabrous below and hispidulous-scabrous at summit, bear- 

 ing few short-peduncled heads : leaves green and scabrous both sides, appressed-serrulate, 

 all the cauliue opposite and horizontally divaricate (whence the name), commonlv 4 or 5 

 inches long, and at base an inch or two wide : head only half-inch high, bracts of the invo 

 lucre lanceolate-subulate, usually hirsute-ciliatc : rays 8 to 12, at most an inch long. Spec, 

 ii. 906 (excl. syn. Moris. Hist. sect. G, t. 7, f. CG) ; Ait. Kew. iii. 250; Willd. Spec. iii. 2244; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 329. //. tnmcatus, Schweinitz in Ell. Sk. ii. 416. Chrysanthemum VI r- 

 (jinianum, &c., Moris. Hist. sect. 6, t. 3, f. 02.' Dry and sandy or gravelly soil, Canada and 

 Saskatchewan to Florida and Louisiana. 



=== = = Cauline leaves short-petioled or upper subsessile, serrulate or serrate with small erect 

 teeth, or the uppermost entire, all triplinerved from near the base. 



H. hirsutus, KAF. Stem simple or branched at summit, 2 to 4 feet high, rigid, commonly 

 smooth below, rough and hispidulous above : leaves oblong-lanceolate and ovate-lanceolate, 

 subsessile or short-petioled with a roundish or broad abrupt and rarely subcordate or some- 

 times rather cuueate base, thence gradually tapering to the point in the manner of //. divari- 

 catus, scabrous above, somewhat so and little paler beneath : bracts of the involucre usually 

 broadly lanceolate and acuminate, ciliate, unequal, commonly erect and not surpassing the 

 disk : rays 12 to 15, rather broad, fully inch long. Ann. Nat. (1820), 14 ; DC 1 . Prodr. v. 591 ; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 329. //. diversifolius & If. hispidulus? Ell. Sk. 1. c. Dry or moist 

 soil, Ohio to Wisconsin and south to Georgia and Texas. 



Var. trachypliyllus, TORR. & GRAY, 1. c., a form from Arkansas, with thick very 

 rough leaves, and larger heads with squarrose involucre. 



Var. stenophyllus, TORR. & GRAY, 1. c., a small form, with narrow lanceolate 

 leaves almost sessile by a somewhat contracted base. //. strumosus, var.? leptophyllus, Torr. 

 & Gray, 1. c., may be the same with smoother stem. Louisiana and Texas. 



H. Strumosus, L. Eootstocks long and slender, often branching, thickened often into a 

 narrow fusiform tuber at the apex : stem usually branching, 3 to 6 feet high, glabrous and 

 very smooth and often glaucous, but summit and branches not rarely hispiduloua : leaves 

 oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, or the lower sometimes ovate, acute or acuminate, slightly serrate 

 or some of them entire, bright-green and somewhat papillose-scabrous above, whitish beneath 

 (either with or without minute tomentum), abruptly contracted or more tapering into a 

 margined petiole (the larger 5 to 8 inches long and 2 wide) : heads rather small (half-inch 

 high), but the rays ample, 9 to 15, commonly oblong, an inch to inch and a half long : bracts of 

 the involucre rather broadly or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, sometimes with attenuate spread- 

 ing tips, rarely surpassing the disk, ciliate, either glabrous or pubescent on the back : pappus 

 not rarely with intermediate squamelloc, either free or adnate to the base of t'>e palr:i' - 

 Spec. ii. 905 ; Ait. Kew. iii. 249 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. //. heels, Walt. Car. 215 1 II. nj'<-<-his, 

 Otto, in Berlin Garden, is either a glabrous form of this, or is H. luviyatus. Open woods 

 and banks, Canada to Wisconsin, Georgia, and Arkansas. 



