Encelia. COMPOSITE. 281 



Belding, 1875. At All-Saints Bay, 70 miles below the U. S. boundary, Parry, 1883; perhaps 

 therefore within the U. S. A singular species, with aspect of a Viyuiera, but a caducous pappus 

 of two lanceolate palese and no squainellaj. 



105. FLOUKENSIA, DC. (M. J. P. Flourens, a distinguished physi- 

 ologist.) - - Founded on two homogamous northern Mexican species, of very dis- 

 tinct habit and character, shrubby, almost glabrous, somewhat resiniferous-viscid, 

 much branched, with alternate entire leaves, either corymbed or paniculate short- 

 peduncled heads from upper axils, and whitish or yellowish flowers. To these 

 the founder added two Chilian radiate species, viz. F. corymbosa, which is a 

 Viguicra ( V. Pceppitjii] ; and F. thurifera (Helianthus thurifer, Molina), which 

 may probably remain as a subgenus, Diomedia, Bertero and Colla, not Cuss. - 

 DC. Prodr. v. 592, excl. no. 2 ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 7. 



P. cernua, DC., 1. c. Very branching and leafy shrub, with the aromatic bitterness and 

 odor of hops, 3 to 6 feet high : branches puberulent : leaves obovate and oblong, half to inch 

 and a half long, acute at both ends, dull, obscurely veiny : heads seldom half-inch long, sub- 

 sessile in the axils or terminating paniculate branchlets, soon nodding : involucre cam- 

 panulate, shorter than the disk, of lanceolate erect imbricated bracts, with some outer and 

 spreading foliaceons ones passing into leaves : tips of the short style-branches much dilated, 

 wider than high : awns of the pappus rigid, half the length of the apprcssed-villous akene, 

 the slender squamellse not surpassing the villous hairs. Gray, PL Wright, i. 114, & ii. 89. 

 Helianthus ccnutus, Beuth. & Hook. Gen., ex Hemsl., but it is not really so referred, nor has 

 it any likeness to that genus. Arid hills and plains, W. Texas to Arizona, Wrnjlit, Lem- 

 moii, &c. (Adj. Mex., Berlandier, Gregg, &c.) 

 F. LAURIFOLIA, DC. 1. c, of N. E. Mexico, Berlandier, Palmer, is larger, with oblong and' 



more veiny lucid leaves (2 to 4 inches long, on distinct petioles), corymboscly clustered heads 



of twice or thrice the size, c. ; may occur on the Lower Rio Grande. 



100. ENCELIA, Adans. (Christopher Encel, wrote upon oak-galls.) 

 Herbs or some under-shrubby (all American, chiefly subtropical) ; with alternate 

 or opposite leaves, commonly with rather showy radiate heads of flowers on 

 naked peduncles ; the rays mostly yellow, occasionally wanting ; the disk yellow 

 or brownish. Chaffy bracts of the receptacle usually soft and mainly scarious. 

 Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 378. Encelia, Siinsla (Pers.), & Armania (Bertero), 

 DC. Prodr., with Geroea, Torr. & Gray, & Barrattia, Gray & Engelm. Neglect- 

 ing the pappus, which is inconstant, the four sections may be reduced to two. 



1. EUENCELIA. Akenes densely long-ciliate : upper and commonly most of 

 the leaves alternate: petioles naked. Enceiia, Adans. Fam. ii. 128. Pallasia, 

 L'Her. ex Ait., not L. f. Gercfa, Torr. & Gray, &c. 



* Shrubby or lignescent at base, wi:h herbaceous flowering branches : leaves from ovate to oblong- 

 lanceolate, mostly entire. 



E. Mimopiii'LLA, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. xv. 37, & xix. 7, of Northern Mexico, makes the 

 nearest approach to Fiourensia, and commonly has a biaristellate pappus. 



E. ALHESCENS, Gray, 1. c. viii. 658, of Sonora in Mexico, Palmer, appears to be more herba- 

 ceous than the following species ; the akenes less strongly villous on the edges, except next the 

 summit, and the faces pubescent : pappus biaristellate. It may be expected In S. Arizona. 



E. HALIMIF6LIA, CAY. Ic. iii. 6, t. 210 (Pallasia rjfi-tnil>Jiora,Willd. Spec. iii. 2261), frum 

 " Nova Hispania," i. e. Mexico, probably from the Pacific side. This resembles E. C<ilijbrni<-<i, 

 and, being described as having green and glabrous leaves and ciliate involucral bracts, is very 

 probably identified in a plant collected on the Xaqui River, Sonora, by /'//<>-, perhaps not far 

 below the Mexican border of Arizona. It is probably also E. consperta, Benth. Bot. Sulph., of 

 Lower California. 



