82 KUK FAMILY. 



sometimes elevates more or less the single compound pistil or the 

 2-5 more or less separate carpels. Leaves either opposite or alter- 

 nate, in ours mostly alternate, without stipules. Flowers only in 

 No. 2 irregular. Many species are medicinal. 



1. Perennial, strong-scented, hardy (exotic) kerbs : flowers perfect : stamens 8 or 

 10: ovary i-5-lobed,4-S-ceUed: seeds several. 



1. RUT A. Sepals and petals 4 or 5, short, the latter roundish and arching. Sta- 



mens twice as many as the petals. Style 1. Pod globular and many-seeded. 

 Leaves decompound. 



2. DICTAMNUS. Sepals and petals 5; the latter long and lanceolate, on short 



claws, the lower one declining, the others ascending. Stamens 10; the long 

 filaments declining and curved, partly glandular. Styles 5, nearly separate. 

 Ovary a little elevated, deeply 5-lobed, in fruit becoming 5 flattened rough- 

 glandular 2 - 3-secded pods, each splitting wheu ripe into 2 valves, which 

 divide into an outer and an inner layer. Leaves pinnate. 



2. Shrubs or trees, hardy, with polygamous, dioecious, or sometimes perfect, small 

 (greenish or whitish) flowers: stamens 4 or 5, as many us the petals : seeds 

 sinyle or in pairs. 



* Indiytnuus : leaves jnnnate or of 3 leaflets, deciduous. 



3. ZANTHOXYLUM. Flowers dioecious. Pistils 2 -5; their styles slightly co- 



hering ; the ovaries separate, ripening into rather fleshy at length dry and 

 2-valved little pods. Seed black, smooth and shining. Prickly trees or 

 shrubs: leaves pinnate. 



4. PTKLKA. Flowers polygamous. Pistil a 2-celled ovary tipped with a short 



style, forming a 2-celled 2-seede 1 and rounded wing-fruit or samara, in shape 

 like that of the Kim. Not prickly: leaflets 3. 



* * Exutic : leaves simple and entire, evergreen. 



5. SKIMMIA. Flowers polygamous or perfect. Ovary 2-5-celIed, with a single 



ovule from the top of each cell, in fruit becoming a red berry or drupe. 



3. Shrubs or trees, exotic, not Imrdi/, n-ith tweet-scented foliage and perfect flowers, 

 having numerous (20 - 60) $tttititii.<. 



6. CITRUS. Petals 4-8, usually 5. thickish. Filaments irregularly united more 



or less. Ovary many-celled, encircled at the base by a conspicuous disk (see 

 Lessons, p. 11.3, fig. 363), in fruit, becoming a thick-rinded many-seeded large 

 berry. Brandies usually spiny. Leaves evergreen, apparently simple, but 

 with a joint between the blade and the (commonly winged or margined) 

 petiole, showing that the leaf is a compound one reduced to the end-leaflet. 



1. RUTA, RUE. (The ancient mime.) Natives of the Old World. ^ 



R. gravdolens, COMMON Uric. Cult, iii country gardens ; a bushy herb, 

 \voody or almost shrubby at the huso, with Muisli-^ivrii and strongly dotted 

 oblong or obovatc small leallets, the terminal onr broader and notrlird at the 

 end, and corymbs of greenish-yellow (lowers, produced all summer; the earliest 

 blossom has the parts in lives, the rest in fours. Plant very aerid, sometime:, 

 even blistering the skin. 



2. DICTAMNUS, FKAXINKLLA. (Aneient Greek name.) Native of 

 Southern Knrope. 21 



D. Fraxin611a. Cult, for ornament ; herb with an almost woody base, 

 viscid-glandular, and with a strong aromatic >cent ; the leaves likened to those 

 of Ash on a smaller scale ( whence i he common name) of y - i;f ovate and ser- 

 rate leaflets ; the lar^e llowers in a terminal raceme, in summer, in one variety 

 pale purple with redder veins, another white. 



3. ZANTHOXYLUM, PRICKLY ASH. (Name composed of two 



(ireek words, meaning i/illmc vW.) JJark, leaves, and little licshv pods very 

 pungent and aromatic. 



Z. Americanum, NORTHERN P. or TOOTHACHE-TREE. Rocky woods 



and banks N. ; a pricklv shrub or small tree, witli leaves downy when young, 

 of 9 - 1 1 ovate or oblong leaflets ; the greenish flowers in axillary clusters, in 



