36 



HOOTS. 



[SECTION .">. 



Spindle-shaped, or l-'uxlform, when thickest iu the middle aiid tapering to 

 both cuds; as the common Radish (Fig. S5). 



70. These examplc.s arc of primary roots. It will be seen that turnips, 

 carrots, and the like, are not pure root throughout ; for the caulicle, from 

 the lower end of which tin' root grew, partakes of the thickening, perhaps 

 also some joints of stem above : so the bud-bearing and growing top is 

 stem. 



77. A fine example of secondary roots (67), some of which, remain fibrous 

 for absorption, while a few thicken and store up food for the next season's 

 growth, is furnished by the Sweet Potato (Fig. SO). As stated above, 

 these arc used for propagation by rut I ings; for any part will produce ad- 

 ventitious buds and shoots. The Dahlia produces fascicled (i. e. clustered) 

 fusiform roots of the same kind, at the base of the stem (Fig. 87) : but 

 these, like most roots, do not, produce adventitious buds. The buds by 

 which Dahlias are propagated belong to the surviving base of the stem 

 above. 



78. Anomalous Roots, as they may be called, are those which subserve 

 other uses than absorption, food-storing, and fixing the plant to the soil. 



Aerial Roots, i. e. those that strike from steins iu the open air, are 

 common iu moist and warm 



climates, as in the Mangrove ,*-sS- f gjlMp ^\i 



which reaches the coast of ^^L ^ % !*^ 



Florida, the Banyan, and, less >=?^Ad^>O^I fr\ 



. _-=^>^ L-^l () vr s A!/k>r7SV7^L; Pi ^\\\ 



strikingly, in some herbace- 

 ous plants, such as Sugar 

 Cane, ami even in Indian 

 Corn. Such roots reach the 

 ground at length, or tend to 

 do so. 



Ai'i'inl Hnof/t'f* are ab.in- 

 dautly produced by many 

 climbing plants, such as the 

 Ivy, 1'uison Ivy, Trumpet 

 ( 'I'eepcr, etc., springing from 

 the side of stems, which they 

 fasten to trunks of trees, 

 walls, or other supports. 

 'I'll !S6 are used by the plant 

 for climliiii!^. 



79. Epiphytes, or Air- 

 Plants (Fiu r . ^ s ), an; called by the former name because commonly growing 



IMC. 88. Epiphytes of Florida and Georgia, viz., EpMendrum conopsenm, a 

 small Orcliid, nnd Tillandsia usm-oidi-N the so-called Long Moss or Kla< k Moss, 

 which i; no moss, Imi, a flowering plant, also T. recurvata ; on a bough of Live Oak. 



