174 MADDEK FAMILY. 



4. MITCHELL A. Flowers in pairs at the end of branches, the two ovaries united 

 into one, which in fruit forms a 2-eved scarlet berry. Corolla densely white- 

 lp,-:trdcd inside, white or purplish-tinged outside. Style 1: stigmas 4, slender. 

 Seeds, or rather little stones, 4 to each of the two flowers. Stipules small, 

 not fringed. 



* * Shrub* or small tree*: lubes of the corolla overlapping in tlie bud. 



5 CEPHALANTHl'S. Flowers many and small, crowded in a close round head 

 raised ..n :i peduncle. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla tubular with 4 very short 

 lobes. Stamens 4. Style "long and much protruded, tipped with a capitate 

 stigma. Fruit small, dry and hard, inversely pyramidal, at length splitting 

 into 2 or 4 closed one-seeded portions 



6. COFFEA. Flowers in small clusters in the axils of the leaves. Calyx 



toothed. Corolla with a short tube and 4 or 5 spreading lobes of about the 

 same lon-'th. Stamens 4 or 6, with linear-oblong anthers. Style bearing 

 2 Blender stijpnas. Ovary 2-celled, becoming a small berry, containing 2 hard 

 plano-convex seeds with' a groove down the face (coffee), enclosed in a loose 

 parchment-like hull. 



2. Several or ninny ovules and seeds in each cell oftiie ovary and fruit. 

 * Shrubs or low trees, all except, the first exotic house-plants. 



7. PIXCKXEYA. Flowers i:i a terminal compound cyme. Calyx with 5 lobes, 



4 of them small and lanceolate, the fifth often transformed into a large bright 

 rose-colored leaf! Corolla hairy, with a slender tube and 5 oblong-linear 

 recurving lobes. Stamens 5, protruding. Fruit a globular 2-celled pod, filled 

 with very many thin-winged seeds. 



8. GARDENIA. Flowers solitary at the end of the branches or nearly so,^large, 



very fragrant. Calyx with 5 or more somewhat leaf-like lobes. Corolla 

 funnel-shaped or salver-shaped, with 5 or more spreading lobes convolute in 

 the bud, and as many linear anthers sessile in its throat. Style 1 : stigma 

 of 2 thick lobes. Fruit fleshy, surmounted by the calyx-lobes, ribbed down 

 the side?, many-seeded. 



9. TUH'YAIMMA. 'Flowers in clusters at the end of the branches. Calyx with 



4 slender lobes. Corolla with a long and slender or somewhat trumpet-shaped 

 tube, and 4 short spreading lobes, valvate in the bud. Anthers 4, almost 

 sessile in the throat. Style 1 : stigma of 2 flat lips. Pod small, globular, 

 2-celled. Seeds wing-margined. 



* * Low, native herbs. 



10. HOUSTONIA. Corolla salver-form or funnel-form, the 4 lobes valvate in the 

 bud. Stamens 4. Style 1 : stigmas 2. Pod short, 2-celled, the upper part 

 rising more or less free from the 4-lobed calyx, opening across the top, and 

 ripening rather few saucer-shaped or thimbel-shaped pitted seeds in each cell. 

 Stipules short and entire, sometimes a mere margin connecting the bases of 

 the opposite leaves. 



1. RUBIA, MAD1>I-;iI. (Name from Latin nibrr, red, alludes to the red 

 roots, which furnish the wcll-knowu red dy. I 



R. tinct6l*ia, COMMON or DYERS' M. Cult, from Ku. for tin- red roots, 

 branching from the ground, l-2 high, with angles of the stems and edges m 

 the lance-oblong or ol. lanceolate leaves (mostly in sixes) very rough; flowers 

 greenish, in Miimner ; berry Mack. 2/ 



2. GALIUM, I'.KDS n;.\\V or CLKAYKRS. (Name from Greek for 

 milk, which SOUP' species iu Europe were used to eurdle.) Fl. summer. 

 The following all wild .species. Several have a red mot like that of 

 Madder. 



1. Fruit (i Hack berry, like that of Madder : but the par Is of the white fewer 



are mdij 4. Only in Southern Slates, in dry sandy soil. Ij. 



G. hispidulum. Spreading stems l-2 long; leaves in fours, ' or 

 less in length, lance-ovate ; peduncle 1 -3-flowered ; hern- roughish. 



G. uniflbrum. Smooth, slender, lhigh; leaves linear ; flowers mostly 

 solitary. 



