I;s4 co.Mi'osin; IAMII.V. 



+.*+-* *-* +-+ 4-r Akenes incurved or boat -shaped, rouyh-lubercled on the buck : no pap- 

 pus : rays numerous in more than one roia : Jlowers all yellow or orange. 



48. CALKXIM'LA. Head- showy, solitary terminating the branches, with the very 

 numerous rays ]iistill:ite and fertile, expanding in sunshine or bright day 

 the disk-flowers sometime, few in tlie centre and sterile. Involucre ofnu- 

 merous sluTt rn-.-n scale-. Kecep'aclo ihit. Akenes all tliat mature belong- 

 ing to the ray-flowers, strongly incurved, some of them even horse-shoe- 

 shaped, ><r cuilcd into a riu;_ r . and (especially the. outer ones) with thickened 

 margins. 



-t- -i- A chaff on the receptacle, behind each flower. 



++0nly the ray-flowers fertile or maturing their akenes; tho.^ f tin- >!isk, even if 

 nji/i'in iit/ij pt r/\ it, ul/rays sterile: flowers oil yellow. Coarse tall herbs. 



4. 1'OLY. \IXIA. Heads rather smaller middle-i/ed, with about 5 leaf-like scales 

 to the involucre, and some thin and small inner ones, few or >everal ray- 

 flowers producing turgid obovate or partly trianjruhir akenes with no pappus. 

 Herbage clammy-pubescent and rather strong-scented: all but the upper- 

 most leaves opposite, and their petioles winged or dilated and stipule-like at 

 the clasping base. 



00. SILl'llir.M. Heads mostly large, with nimifroii< somewhat leafy-tipped or 

 green scales to the involucre imbricated in 2 or more rows, numerous ray- 

 tiowers producing very broad and tlat akenes (parallel with the -cales ot' the 

 involucre), which have commonly a wing-like margin and '2 teeih or a notch 

 at the top. .Juice resinous. 



++ *-* Disk-flowers perfect and fertile, those of the ray pistillate andfertilr or it< utral. 



a. Akenes flattened parallel aith the scales of the involucre and cha] of the recep- 



tacle, or in 53 sometimes vert/ slvniler. Leaves generally opposite : involucre 

 double, Ike outer mostly leaf-like, the inner of erect scales. 



~i\. DAHLIA. JJays in the natural (lowers neutral or in the common species more 

 or less pistillate, but in the gardens mo-t oral! of the flowers are changed into 

 rays. Inner involucre of numerous more or less united scales. Akenes 

 oblon-r, obscurely 2-horned or notched at the apex. 



52. C< il!K( 1'>1S. Rays n-ually 8, neutral, mostly yellow, or brown-purple at base. 



Involucre commonly of about 8 outer Inns,, or loaf-like scales and as many 

 erect inner ones. Chaff slender, deciduous with the flat akenes. which have 

 mostly a pappus of 2 teeth or awn-, the latter not barbed downward*. 

 '";!. BIDENa. Like Coreopsis, but several without rays, and some with slenderer 

 needle-shaped akenes; all bear 2 or more, rigid" persistent awns, which are 

 barbed downwards! 



b. Akenes flattened if at all conirart/ to the scales of the involucre and the chaff of 



the receptacle, having /lie latter usually unbracing Of folded round tlm'r outer 

 margin. 



= Rays deciduous after flowering, yellow, sometimes brown-purple at base in 60, 61, 

 or irlil/c in one ofija. Leaves either opposite or alternate in sime genus, in 



04 - 50. 



54. ACTINOMERIS. Hays neutral, few or >everal. Involucre of several nearly 



equal scales. Kecrpt.ielo convex m- conical. Akenes il:;t. oval, wing-mar- 

 gined: pappus of 2 persistent smooth awns. Leaves .simple, ^e^:l:^ often 

 decurrent into wings on the stem. 



55. VERBESINA. h'ays few (in ours 1-5), pistillate. Involucre of few erect 



scales. Receptacle rather flat. Akenes flat, winged or wingless : pappus of 

 2 persistent awns. Leave-, simple, decurront into wings on the stem. 



53. XIMENESIA. Kays numerous, pistillate. Scales ot' the involucre spreading. 



Receptacle lla!ti>h or convex. Akenes of the ray wrinkled and wingless; 

 tlio^e of the disk flat and wing-margined, with two slender awns united to 

 the wing. Leaves mostly with winded petioles which are dilated and cla-p- 

 ing at the ba-e. 



57. HELIANTHUS. Rays several or many, neutral. Scales of the involucre im- 



bricated. Receptacle flat or convex. Akenes flatfish, more or less -i-angled 

 or lenticular, marginless : pappus of 2 thin chaffy scales corresponding with 

 the outer and inner angle of the akene, and sometimes with minute inter- 

 mediate ones, all deciduous from the ripe fruit. (Lessons, p. 121, fig. 381.) 

 Leaves -imple, entire or .serrate: stems not winged. 



58. 1IL"LI< H'SIS. Hays 10 or more, pistillate. Scales of the involucre in 2 or 3 



rows, the inner shorter than the disk. Receptacle conical. Akenes 4-angled, 

 somewhat cubical: no pappus. Leaves opposite, petioled, triple-ribbed. 



