COMPOSITK FAMILY. 



4. Papjnts of extremely copious nndjine toft hair-like naked hristles. 

 Mature alcenes with tin j>/>]mt rn'if, ,1 n n very lontj slender stalk-like beak. 

 71. I'YlMIHOl'Al'lM'S. Head of yellow Mowers as in the next; but the pappus 

 ru>ty red ami with a minute ring of soft down underneatli it. St. -in- l.ninch- 

 iii"- and leafv in-ar the.ba-e, tin- lonir peduncles naked. 

 7-j. TARAXACUM. Head of very many yellow Mowers on a slender hollow and 



wholly naked BCape. Involucre double, the inner of numcrou> narn.u 5C 

 in a single row, the ouler of short loose scales. Akenes terete <>r spindle- 

 shaped, strongly ribbed and tuliereled on the ribs, much shorter than its 

 slender beak which elevates at maturity the -oft and white pappus. (Les- 

 sons, ]). 1-21, tig. 384.) 



73. LACTUCA. Heads of several variously colored (lowers. Involucreofsever.il 

 lanceolate or ovate imbricated scales of unequal length. Akenes Mat. ab- 

 ruptly contracted into the slender beak which elevates the very white soft 

 pappus. Steins leafy. 

 * * Akenes with a short and thick beak or none : heads ninny-flowered. 



71. MULGKDIUM. Involucre as in 73. Flowers blue or bluMi. Akeue- flat- 

 tened, short-beaked. Stems leafy. 



75. SONCHUS. Involucre as in 73, or with narrow- and move equal scales, and 

 tumid at base. Flowers yellow. Akene- llat and short, without a beak to 

 support its very soft white pappus. Stems branching and leafy. (Lessons, 

 p. 121, fig. 383.) 



1. CYNARA, AllTICIIOKK. (Ancient Greek name.) Two species oc- 

 casionally cult, from the Old World, as esculents. 2/ 



C. Scolymus, TUCK ARTICIIOKK, with stunt stems, slightly prickly 

 leaves most I v once nr twice pinnatilid and cottony beneath, the mate and usti- 

 allv pointless scales of the involucre and the. receptacle of the young Mower heads 

 llesliv, and edible when cooked. 



C. CardunCUlUS, CAKDOON, has the leaves more <KvpIy and compoundly 

 divided and prickly, the less Meshy scales of the head prickly-tippctl ; the ileshy 

 leafstalks and midrib eaten after bciny, blanched ill the manner of celery. 



2. CIBSIUM, TRUE THISTLE. (Old Greek name.) Flowers purple 

 or pink, occasionally yellow or white, in summer. & 2/ 



1. A/1 tin si-iil,s f the head ttnnul iril/t s/m n/li//;/ ////c/7,/ tips. 

 C. lanceol^tum, COMMON TIHSTM-:. Nat. from Ku. in pastures, &c. ; 

 the' base of the rou^h deeply pinmitiMd leaves running down the stem in lobed 

 prickly wiu^s ; M. purple. (2) 



2. All or moat <>/' l/ie. sn/As of tin' linul n/i/ifi'Mul, tlic innermost not /;//</.///- 

 /n>iii/iil, lln iiiilrr irith <i a/i<irt prickle nr /mint, ar IIUHI . 



* Lnirm //// 1 n liotli sides or <i little i-nttuni/ "/ <-<ilur< l,!>i/ underneath. 



C. arvense, CANADA T. A vile pest in fields and meadows N'., nat. from 

 Ku. : spreading l>v deep ninnin^ roots as well as by seed : numerous short- 

 peduncled heads onlv 1' long, with rose-purple tlnwers ; leaves moderately pin- 

 natilid, weak-prickly. 11 



C. horriduluin, VKI.I.OW T. Wild near the coast in sandy ground ; 

 has verv prickly leaves, rather large heads surrounded at base by an involucre 

 or whorl of leaf-like vcr\ prickly bracts, and yellowish or purplish Mowers. 



C. pumilurn, PASTURE T. Wild in dry fields, 1- 3 high, with lance- 

 oblong pinnatitid leaves, single ver\ large lieads (almost L'' across) of fragrant 

 (purple or rarely white) Mowers, sometimes leafy-hraetcd at base. 



C. muticum, SWAMT T. Wild in swamps and low ground; 3 -8 high, 

 \\ith deeply divided leaves, few or no prickles, and rather large naked heads, 

 most of the scales pointless ; Mowers purple. 2/ 



* # Linns irh'ili-nitlnn/i iind,riinil/i : jl'<n; rs JHII ]>!<, mnli/ ichitc. \\'ii<! .syr/cji. 



C. altissimum, TAI-I- T. Fields from IVnii-nnd S. ; 3 - 10 high, branch- 

 ing, leafy up to the rather small heads, the oblong leaves wavy or onlv slightly 

 pinmitiMd, except tkie lowest. : ~H 



