NETTLE FAMILY. 299 



M. nigra, BLACK M. Middle-sized tree, planted and sparingly run wild 

 from the, Levant ; leaves rough ; spikes short and short-peduncled ; fruit short- 

 ohlong or globular, red turning black, pleasant-tasted. 



M. alba, WHITE M. Small tree., planted from China : the leaves feed silk- 

 worins, these are smooth and mostly oblique at base ; spikes slendcr-peduneled, 

 in fruit oval or oblong, white or pale rose-color, rather insipid. 



6. BROTJSSONETIA, PAPER-MULBERRY. ( Named for Broussonet, 

 a French naturalist.) 



B. papyrifera, of Japan. Cult, as a shade-tree from New York S. 

 spreading by suckers, with a very fibrous bark ; leaves rough above, dovvnv be- 

 neath, serrate, some of them ovate or slightly heart-shaped, others 3-clet't or 

 variously lobed : flowering in spring. 



7. MACLURA, OSAGE-ORANGE. (Named for the late Mr. Madure, 

 founder of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.) 



M. aurantiaca, COMMON 0., or Bois D'AKC (BOW-WOOD, the tough 

 yellow wood used for bows by the Indians). Low bushy tree from Arkansas, 

 &c. : multiplying rapidly by its running roots ; planted for hedges, especially 

 W. ; armed with slender and very sharp spines ; leaves lance-ovate, entire, very 

 glossy : fl. spring. 



8. URTICA, NETTLE. (The classical Latin name.) Common in waste 

 grounds and near dwellings : fl. summer. 



* Flower-clusters in branching panidcJ s/>ik<'s : often dioecious. 11 



U. dioica, COMMON N. A weed from Eu., full of stings, 2 -3 high, 

 with heart-ovate very deeply serrate leaves downy beneath. 



U. gracilis. Fence-rows, &c. : 2 - 6 high, with ovate-lanceolate less 

 deeply serrate leaves, longer petioles, rather few stings, and slender spikes. 



* * Flower-clusters shorter than the petiole, most'y 2 in the snme axil, containing 

 both sorts of flowers : stint/s scattered. 



U. chamsedryoides. Wild S. & W. : slender, with heart-ovate or lance- 

 ovate leaves moderately toothed, and dense flower-clusters. 



U. urens, SMALL N. Weed from Eu., not common : 8' -12' high, with 

 ovate leaves deeply cut into long spreading teeth; flower-clusters small, loose. 



9. LAPORTEA, WOOD-NETTLE. (Named for one Laporte.) 11 



L. Canadensis. Moist and rich woods : 2 -3 high; ovate leaves 4' -7' 

 long and long-petioled, a single 2-cleft stipule in the axil : fl. all summer. 



10. BCEHMERIA, FALSE-NETTLE. (Named for Prof. Bohmer of 



Germany.) 11 



B. cylindrica. Moist shady grounds, l-3 high, smoothish ; leaves 

 mostly opposite, ovate or lance-ovate, 3-ncrved, serrate, long-petioled; flower- 

 clusters crowded in long narrow interrupted spikes, in summer. 



B. nivea, RAMIE, or the GRASS-CLOTH PLANT of China, &<., 3 D -4 high, 

 with ovate leaves white-downy beneath, is recently planted S. W. for its very 

 valuable textile fibres. 



11. CANNABIS, HEMP. (The ancient name.) Fl. all summer. 



C. sativa, COMMON HKMP. Tall coarse plant from the Old World : cult 

 for the fibres of its stem. 



12. HUMULUS, HOP. (Name said to be a diminutive of /(limits, the 

 ground ; the application not apparent.) Fl. summer. 11 



H. Lupulus, COMMON- HOP. Wild in alluvial soil N. & W. : also cult. 

 from Eu. for hops : the aromatic bitterness resides in the yellow resinous grains 

 which appear on the fruiting calyx, akenes, &c ; stems almost prickly down- 

 wards ; leaves heart-shaped and strongly 3 - 7-lobed. 



