PINE FAMILY. 313 



A. Menzi^sii, MENZIES' SPRUCE, of the Rocky Mountains nnd \V., ia 

 planted anil likely to become common : fine tree., with broader and stiller leaved 

 than the foregoing, almost prickly-pointed, silvery-whitish beneath; cone* almut 

 3' long, cylindrical, soft ; their scales rhombic-ovate, thin and pale. 



2. HEMLOCK-SPKUCE (Tsuo.\). Cones hanging on declined branches of tlie 

 preceding //<//, small, persistent, and their scales persistent: sterile calkins 

 very small and globular, of a few anthers which open across: lea at 8 flat, on 

 distinct little petioles, most of than spridin/j right and left so us to appear 

 2-ranktd on the branch. 



A. Canad6nsis, HEMLOCK-SPRUCE. Common on hills N., and planted 

 for ornament : large tree, with coarse wood, light and spreading spray, broad i>h- 

 linear and blunt leaves only ' long, green above and white beneath, and oval 

 cones onlv i' or ' long, their bracts very short and hidden. 



A. Douglasii, DOUGLAS SPRUCE, one of the tall trees from Rocky 

 Mountains and W. to the Pacific, planted but proves not quite hardy enough N., 

 is of this section : it has slender leaves 1' or more long, light green, indistinctly 

 2-rankcd ; cones 2' -3' long, loose, with pointed and toothed bracts projecting 

 beyond the scales. 



3. FIR. Cones set rigidly erect on the upper side of spreading brunches of the 

 preceding year, their scales and commonly conspicuous bract a falling aunty 

 with the seeds when ripe from the persistent slender a.ris .- seed* resinous : 

 anthers irregularly bursting : leaves flat, white beneath each mile of the 

 prominent midrib, those on horizontal branches inclined to spread rig/it and 

 left so as to appear 2-ranked. 



* BALSAM FIRS, native trees: bark yielding Canada balsam from blisters, frc. 



A. balsamea, COMMON B. Small tree of cold or wet grounds N., hand- 

 some when young, but short-lived, with worthless wood, narrow linear leaves 

 jj' or less than 1' long and much crowded, cylindrical violet-colored cones 2' -4 

 long and 1' thick, their bracts with only the abrupt slender point projecting. 



A. Fraseri, FRASEK'S or SOUTHERN B. Along the higher Alleghanies : 

 small tree, like the preceding ; but the small cones (only l'-2' long) oblong- 

 ovate, with the short-pointed upper part of the bracts conspicuously projecting 

 and reflcxed. 



* * SILVER-FIRS, &c., very choice ornamental trees, only the first at all common. 



H- Leaves blunt. 



A. pectinata, EUROPEAN SILVER-F. Large tree with wood, its horizon- 

 tal branches with narrow leaves (greener above than in Balsam F., nearly as 

 white beneath and lj' long) forming a flat spray; cones ti'-8' long, with 

 slender projecting points to the bracts 



A. Nordmanniana, from the Crimea and N. Asia ; with thicker-set and 

 broader leaves than the foregoing, linear, curved, 1' long, deep green above and 

 whitened beneath ; cones large and ovate. 



A. Pichta, SIBERIAN SiLVER-F. ; with thicker-set leaves than those of 

 European Silver-Fir, dark green above and less white beneath ; cones only 3' 

 long, their short bracts concealed under the scales. 



A. grandis, GREAT SILVER-FIR of Oregon and California: resembles a 

 fine Balsam Fir on a large scale, with broader leaves notched at the end, about 

 1' long, and thicker cones with concealed bracts. 



->- Leaves acute or pointed, especially on main shoots, n't/id, widely and about 

 equally spreading on all sides. 



A. Cephal6nica, CEPHALONIAN SILVER-FIR : remarkable for its very 

 stiff almost prickly-pointed squarrose leaves dark green above, white beneath. 



A. Pinsapo, "SPANISH SiLVERrFiR : resembles the last, but not so hardy, 

 leaves less pointed, and the bracts of the cones are concealed. 



3. LARIX, LARCH. (The ancient name.) Trees planted for ornament 

 and valuable for timber : branches slender, the young ones pendulous flow- 

 ers in earliest spring, much before the leaves appear : catkins from later*' 



