38 CROWFOOT FAMILY. 



root-leaves lobed or cnt ; akcnes in an oblong or cylindrical head. In water 

 or very wet places. 



R. reCUrvatUS, H<>OK-STVM:D 0. Hairy, l-2 hijrh ; leaves all 3-eleft 

 and long-petioled, with broad wed-e^baped 2-3-lobed divisions; akenes in a 

 globular bead, with long recurved .-.tyles. Woods. 



B. Pennsylvanicus, BBISTLT C. Bristly hairy, coarse and stout, 2- 

 3 high ; leaves all 3-divided ; the divisions stalked, again 3-cleft, sharply cut 

 and toothed ; akenes in an oblong head, tipped with a short straight style. 

 Along streams. 



+- 4- +- BUTTERCUPS OR COMMON CROWFOOTS, with bn/jfit yellow corolla, 

 about 1 ' in diameter, much lart/er than the calyx ; leares all once and often twice 

 3 - ^-divided or clef), usually hairy ; head of akenes globular. 



** Natives of the country, low or spreading. 



R. fascicularis, EARLY B. Low, about 6' high, without runners, on 

 rocky hills in early spring ; root-leaves much divided, somewhat pinnate ; petals 

 rather narrow and distant ; akenes scarcely edged, slender-beaked. 



R. ripens, CREEPING B. Everywhere common in very wet or moist 

 places, flowering in spring and summer; immensely variable; stem soon as- 

 cending, sending out some prostrate stems or runners in summer ; leaves more 

 coarsely divided and cleft than those of the last ; petals obovate ; akenes sharp- 

 edged and stout-beaked. 



-M- -t-t- Introduced weeds from Europe, common in fields, <J-c., especially E. : stem 



erect: leaves much cut. 



R. bulb6sus, BULBOUS B. Stem about 1 high from a solid bulbous 

 base nearly as large as a hickory nut ; calyx reflexcd when the very bright yel- 

 low and showy large corolla expands, in late spring. 



R. acris/TALL B. Stem 2 -3 high, no bulbous base; calyx only 

 sill-railing when the lighter yellow corolla expands, in summer. Commoner 

 than the last, except E. A full double-flowered variety is cult in gardens, 

 forming golden-yellow balls or buttons. 



-t- *- t- +- GARDEN RANTNCI I.USES. Besides the double variety of the last, 

 the choice Double Ranunculuses of the florist come from the two follmnmj. 



R. AsiatiCUS, of the Levant ; with 3-parted leaves and flowers nearly 2' 

 broad, resembling Anennmics, yellow, or of various colors. Not hardv N. 



R. aconitifblius, of En., taller, smooth, with 5-parted leaves, and smaller 

 white flowers, the full double called FAIR MAIDS OF FRANCE. 

 * * Akenes striate or ribbed down the. sides. 



R. Cymbalaria, SKA-SIDE CROWFOOT. A little plant, of sandy 

 of the sea and (Jreat Lakes, &<., smooth, with naked floweriiiLr stems '2' - G' high, 

 and long runners ; leaves rounded and kidney-shaped, coarsely erenate ; flowers 

 small, in summer. 



8. ZANTHORHIZA, SHRUB YELLOW-ROOT. (Name composed 



ot the two (ircck words \\>r y< l/mc and rout.) Only one .-pccics, 



Z. apiif61ia. A shrubby plant, l-2 high, with deep yellow wood and 

 roots (used by the Indians for dyeing), pinnate leaves of about 5 cut-toothed or 

 lobed leallcN, and drooping compound racemes of small dark or dull-purple 

 flowers, in early spring, lolloped by little 1 -seeded pods: grows in damp, shady 

 places along the Alleghanics. 



9. HYDRASTIS, OKAXGK-ROOT, YELLOW PUCCOON. (Name 

 from the Greek, probably meaning that the root or juice of the plant is dras- 

 tic.) 1J. A single species, 



H. Canad6nsiS. Low, sending up in early spring a rounded 5 - 7-lobcd 

 root-leal, and a stem near 1 high, bearing one or two alternate smaller leaves 

 :d>o\e,just below the single small (lower. The 3 greenish sepals fall from the 

 \>uil, leaving tlie many white stamens and little head of pistils ; the latter grow 

 pulpv and produce a crimson fruit resembling a raspberry. Rich woods, from 

 New York, W. & S. 



